Do teratomas need to be surgically removed?

Written by Liu Jian Wei

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Updated on September 22, 2024

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If a teratoma is confirmed, it is recommended that the patient undergo surgery immediately to confirm the diagnosis. The surgery for teratoma can be divided into minimally invasive and open surgery. Due to the development of current medical techniques, most teratomas can be operated on using laparoscopy, which is characterized by faster recovery and less trauma. However, in certain special cases, such as when the teratoma is large or the patient is overweight and has a number of other chronic diseases, open surgery can be chosen.

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Written by Zhao Xiao Dong

Obstetrics and Gynecology

48sec

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Will the teratoma recur after the ovary is removed?

For teratomas, ovarian tumor excision surgery is generally chosen. If the teratoma is too large, and the remaining ovarian tissue is insufficient, there is no need to preserve the ovary, or if the teratoma has severe torsion causing ovarian tissue necrosis, an oophorectomy is necessary. After the oophorectomy, recurrence on the same side is generally not observed, but there is sometimes a possibility of recurrence on the opposite side, though the likelihood of recurrence is very low. Generally, if one ovary is removed due to a teratoma, the recurrence rate on the opposite side is usually less than 10%. Treatment of teratomas is generally surgical, and if not treated timely, complications such as torsion may occur.

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Written by Du Rui Xia

Obstetrics

54sec

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Is the recurrence of ovarian teratoma serious?

If there is a recurrence after undergoing ovarian teratoma surgery, it is considered serious. In such cases, it should be considered that the ovarian teratoma might be malignant, and malignant teratomas can potentially metastasize. Therefore, it is recommended that women, after having ovarian teratoma surgery, should actively pursue further radiotherapy and chemotherapy based on the nature of the teratoma, to control the cancer cells. In daily life, it is advisable to eat a light diet, consume various fresh vegetables and fruits, and avoid cold, spicy, and irritating foods. Moderate exercise should be performed to enhance physical condition and maintain a cheerful mood, all of which can help alleviate the condition.

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Written by Yan Qiao

Obstetrics and Gynecology

54sec

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How long after laparoscopic surgery for a teratoma can one have sexual intercourse?

Teratomas are predominantly benign tumors, mainly located in the ovaries, although in some patients with unique physical constitutions, ovarian tissues may also ectopically end up in the pelvic area, forming a pelvic teratoma. Whether it is an ovarian teratoma or a pelvic teratoma, the scope of the surgery is typically medium-sized. If the surgery is an open operation, it is classified as a second-level surgery, and if it is performed using laparoscopy, it should be classified as a third-level surgery. Both second and third-level surgeries fall under the medium-sized category, and patients usually recover quite quickly after the operation. Typically, we advise patients to refrain from sexual intercourse, pelvic baths, and to avoid heavy physical labor within a month post-operation.

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Written by Liu Wei Jie

Obstetrics

1min 7sec

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Does ovarian teratoma affect pregnancy?

In gynecology, teratomas are a very common type of ovarian cyst. If a teratoma is discovered during the pre-pregnancy period, its size should be considered. If the teratoma is larger than five centimeters in diameter and is accompanied by abnormalities on a CT scan, it is recommended to undergo surgery before attempting to conceive. If the teratoma is very small, such as two to three centimeters in diameter, it does not affect future pregnancy. If a teratoma is discovered during early pregnancy, opinions vary. Some recommend surgical treatment after the first trimester, while others suggest a pregnancy observation plan. Teratomas during pregnancy are prone to complications such as ovarian cyst torsion, which can cause abdominal pain. Therefore, if you have a teratoma and successfully conceive, be mindful of any pain.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

50sec

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Post-operative care for teratoma surgery

Patients who have undergone teratoma surgery should be aware of the following clinical considerations. Firstly, postoperative patients should be carefully managed in terms of diet. If the teratoma is located in the abdomen, food should be restricted until intestinal function is restored, starting from liquids to semi-liquids and eventually solid foods. Secondly, if the teratoma is malignant, regular follow-up exams are necessary after surgery to monitor any changes in the condition. Thirdly, it’s important to monitor the color and amount of fluid in the drainage tube, as well as changes in the patient's body temperature, heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure after surgery to promptly detect and address any complications.