How is a uterine prolapse surgery performed?

Written by Gao Tian
General Surgery
Updated on September 10, 2024
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Regarding how to perform surgery for uterine prolapse, first, we must define what uterine prolapse is. It mainly refers to the descent from the normal position through the vagina, with the external cervix reaching below the level of the ischial spines, or even completely protruding outside the vaginal opening, which is called uterine prolapse. Therefore, preoperative assessments need to be conducted before surgery to check for inflammation and other methods. Then, there are two types of treatments: surgical and non-surgical. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes pelvic floor muscle exercises and physical therapy such as placing a uterine pessary. Surgical treatment involves surgical intervention based on the location of the prolapse.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Uterine prolapse is classified into several degrees.

The current grading of uterine prolapse commonly used in China can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe. The grading is based on the position and severity of the prolapse. Generally, mild indicates that the prolapse of the uterus has not exceeded the external orifice of the vagina. Moderate indicates that part of the uterus has prolapsed beyond the vaginal orifice, and the most severe suggests that the uterus has completely prolapsed to the external orifice of the vagina. Therefore, a gynecological examination is needed in the clinic for assessment.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What should I do if I have uterine prolapse?

The treatment of uterine prolapse needs to be determined based on the degree of prolapse and whether the patient has any clinical symptoms. If the prolapse is mild and the patient does not display obvious clinical symptoms, conservative treatment is recommended. Conservative treatment mainly involves pelvic floor muscle training to strengthen the pelvic floor support and facilitate the repair of the prolapsed uterus. If the prolapse is severe and is accompanied by serious clinical manifestations, surgical treatment may be considered.

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Written by Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to recover from uterine prolapse?

Uterine prolapse can be classified into first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree prolapse. Typically, first-degree prolapse is considered mild and can generally be managed with a pessary or by performing exercises to strengthen the anal levator muscles and pelvic floor rehabilitation movements, which usually achieve the treatment purpose for mild uterine prolapse. Moderate or severe uterine prolapse must be treated according to the specific condition. In cases of severe prolapse, surgical options can be considered. Common procedures include uterine ligament suspension or vaginal hysterectomy. The treatment for uterine prolapse generally depends on age. For older individuals with severe prolapse, vaginal hysterectomy is often recommended. For younger patients with severe prolapse who wish to return to normal, uterine ligament suspension surgery is generally an option.

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Written by Li Lin
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Causes of uterine prolapse

The main causes of uterine prolapse include pregnancy, childbirth injury to the pelvic floor muscles, long-term increase in abdominal pressure, such as chronic coughing, habitual constipation, and difficulty defecating. Prolonged heavy lifting. Long periods of squatting or standing, large pelvic tumors causing downward displacement of the uterus, or poor development of pelvic floor tissues and degenerative changes accompanied by prolapse of other organs. In menopausal women, due to the decline in sex hormone levels, the pelvic floor tissues may atrophy and degenerate, which can also lead to uterine prolapse or exacerbate its severity.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Causes of uterine prolapse

Uterine prolapse is a common gynecological condition, primarily caused by damage to the pelvic floor tissues during childbirth. As the fetus descends during labor, it can damage the pelvic floor muscles and fascia, leading to a reduction in their supportive strength, which in turn causes the prolapse of the uterus and vagina. Additionally, aging is another main cause of uterine prolapse. As age increases, relaxation of the cervix, various uterine ligaments, and pelvic floor fascial muscles also contribute significantly to uterine prolapse.