Premature rupture of membranes symptoms

Written by Zhao Li Li
Obstetrics
Updated on February 16, 2025
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Under normal circumstances, if there is no regular contraction and the amniotic fluid breaks after full-term, it is known as premature rupture of membranes. Regardless of the period, if premature rupture of membranes occurs, active symptomatic treatment is necessary. Normally, premature rupture of membranes may involve sudden vaginal discharge caused by various reasons. The amount of discharge can vary, usually being continuous, with the duration also varying. It starts with a large amount, then gradually decreases, with a few cases being intermittent. The vaginal discharge is usually related to changes in the pregnant woman's posture or activity. It can be seen that fluid leaks from the vaginal opening, or flows out from inside the vagina during upper fetal head push, pressing on the fundus, or when the posture of the pregnant woman changes. This condition can then be confirmed as premature rupture of membranes.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
1min 6sec home-news-image

Premature rupture of membranes how is it shown on ultrasound?

Ultrasound is a commonly used auxiliary method for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes. After the membranes rupture prematurely, amniotic fluid intermittently leaks out from the uterine cavity, but the production of amniotic fluid often cannot keep up with the leakage. Therefore, the majority of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes will experience a reduction in amniotic fluid volume. Ultrasound will reveal that there is still a small amount of amniotic fluid in the amniotic cavity, but the volume is much lower than the normal range; the maximum depth of the amniotic fluid should be less than three centimeters, and the amniotic fluid index should be less than eight centimeters, which is a common occurrence. However, sometimes, if not much amniotic fluid leaks out after premature rupture of membranes, the ultrasound may sometimes show that the amniotic fluid volume is normal. In such cases, it is necessary to combine this finding with the patient's clinical symptoms to jointly determine the presence of premature rupture of membranes.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Can an ultrasound detect premature rupture of membranes?

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) refers to the rupture of amniotic fluid before labor. The most common diagnostic method for PROM is based on the clinical symptoms of the patient, mainly intermittent vaginal discharge. PROM can be confirmed using pH test strips specific for this condition. Ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic method for PROM because most pregnant women with PROM will show a decreased amount of amniotic fluid during an ultrasound. However, the specificity of using ultrasound to determine PROM is not strong. Although the membranes may rupture, amniotic fluid can still be continuously produced, so some pregnant women may still have a normal amount of amniotic fluid during an ultrasound. Therefore, in most cases of PROM, a reduction in amniotic fluid can be observed through ultrasound, but there are cases where the amniotic fluid level appears normal. In such instances, it's essential to analyze the patient's clinical symptoms.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Symptoms of premature rupture of membranes infection

Premature rupture of membranes refers to the breaking of the fetal membrane before the onset of labor, followed by the leakage of amniotic fluid. The greatest risk of premature rupture of membranes is the potential to cause an infection in the amniotic cavity. The symptoms of infection due to premature rupture of membranes include the following aspects: First, the smell and color of the amniotic fluid will change. The amniotic fluid may become purulent and have a foul smell, which suggests an infection within the amniotic cavity. Second, blood tests can reveal elevated infection markers, primarily an increase in white blood cells and C-reactive protein well above the normal range. Third, the patient may experience contractions or lower abdominal tenderness and rebound pain. When there is an infection in the amniotic cavity, symptoms of peritonitis may occur, along with manifestations of contractions, presenting as episodic pain in the lower abdomen. These are the symptoms of infection from premature rupture of membranes.

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Written by Zhao Li Li
Obstetrics
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What will happen to fetal movement if the membranes rupture prematurely?

Generally, if premature rupture of membranes occurs, it is necessary to clearly determine the specific development of the embryo and the specific gestational age. If the fetus is preterm with premature rupture of membranes, it is necessary to promptly provide anti-infection treatment and promote fetal lung maturity among other symptomatic treatments. If the fetus is already at term, it is important to closely monitor the specific condition of cervical dilation and abdominal pain to decide on the mode of delivery. Normally, premature rupture of membranes does not affect fetal movement at all. A fetal heart rate monitoring test can be conducted to clarify the specific situation of the embryo's development within the uterine cavity and whether there is any fetal hypoxia, to comprehensively analyze the situation.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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Is premature rupture of membranes prone to infection?

After premature rupture of membranes, various aspects of impact on both the mother and the fetus can occur, but the most important is the risk of infection. After the rupture of membranes, since the amniotic cavity is connected to the vagina through the cervix, the bacteria present in the vagina can potentially enter the amniotic cavity through the cervix and cause an infection inside the amniotic cavity. Therefore, after the rupture of membranes, the most crucial action is to prevent infection, primarily using antibiotics for treatment and closely monitoring indicators of infection. Monitoring for infection after premature rupture of membranes can be done in the following ways: first, pay attention to the characteristics of the amniotic fluid, which often has an odor in case of infection; second, monitor infection indicators, including white blood cells and C-reactive protein; third, observe if the pregnant woman exhibits any symptoms of fever.