Laryngeal cancer is a relatively common disease in otolaryngology. It is divided into several types, such as glottic cancer, supraglottic cancer, subglottic cancer, and transglottic cancer. The clinical diagnosis of laryngeal cancer first requires a medical history, such as a long-term history of smoking and viral infections. Clinically, patients may present with chronic hoarseness and physical examinations can reveal tumorous tissue growth. Additional diagnostic tools include the use of a laryngoscope, as well as CT or MRI imaging studies. The most crucial standard for definitive diagnosis is the examination of pathological tissues, specifically biopsy. During the clinical diagnostic process, it is also necessary to differentiate between laryngeal cancer and conditions that may present similarly, such as laryngeal papillomatosis, to definitively diagnose laryngeal cancer. This outlines the clinical diagnostic procedure for laryngeal cancer.