How long does it take for melanoma to develop from early stage to advanced stage?

Written by Sun Ming Yue
Medical Oncology
Updated on September 23, 2024
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From what we observe now, in the early stages of illness, melanomas are typically found on the extremities such as hands, feet, the underside of feet, under fingernails, and particularly on the big toe. Initially, they might appear simply as a black spot or a lesion. About two to three years later, there might be swelling at the site of the lesion or black spot. Then, within another five to six months, it may ulcerate, indicating that the condition has worsened.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue
Medical Oncology
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Melanoma deterioration symptoms

Patients with early-stage melanoma generally experience symptoms such as moles rapidly growing larger, changing in shape and color. Slightly more severe cases may exhibit signs like itching and bleeding. If the melanoma progresses, it might lead to non-healing ulcerations, repeated occurrences of satellite lesions, regional lymph node metastasis, and migratory metastasis. In advanced stages, patients may experience bone metastasis pain. Lung cancer metastasis might manifest as coughing and coughing up blood, and symptoms can vary depending on the site of metastasis.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue
Medical Oncology
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Melanoma cancer symptoms

Once melanoma begins to transform cancerously, the tumor will gradually grow larger, and the melanocytic nevi on the skin will also exhibit unusual phenomena. If various colors or a deepening of color appears in the melanin on a patient's body, it might indicate the onset of malignant changes. If a patient develops melanoma, it is advisable for them to seek medical attention promptly for surgical treatment, as this can help prevent the progression to cancer.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue
Medical Oncology
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Melanoma lymphatic metastasis symptoms

If melanoma has metastasized to the lymph nodes, it can cause lymph node enlargement. At the same time, patients with melanoma may also experience persistent fever, leading to a decrease in the body's resistance and a drop in the level of blood cells. In such cases, it is recommended to undergo a detailed examination. If metastasis is detected, surgical treatment is advised, or consider using methods such as radiation therapy for treatment.

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Written by Cui Fang Bo
Oncology
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The significance of melanoma genetic testing

The significance of genetic testing for melanoma patients mainly involves two aspects: first, the identification of specific driver gene mutations to guide the application of targeted drugs; second, the detection of mutations in some common genes to judge the prognosis of the disease. Regarding the target gene mutations for drug selection, the commonly used ones include mutations in C-KIT, BRAF, and M-TOR. If mutations in these target genes are found, corresponding targeted drugs can be used for treatment. These drugs are generally orally administered, have relatively good efficacy, low side effects, and are suitable for the treatment of melanoma. Additionally, some genetic tests can predict the prognosis of melanoma patients based on the presence or absence of mutations.

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Written by Cui Fang Bo
Oncology
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Melanoma originates from which tissue?

Melanoma does not originate from any specific tissue, but from melanocytes. Therefore, melanoma can occur in any tissue where melanocytes are present. The most common sites for melanoma are the skin and mucous membranes. Additionally, because melanocytes are widely present throughout the body, melanoma can also occur in hollow organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, in skeletal muscles, and in the nervous system. Once diagnosed, melanoma needs to be treated promptly. The main treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.