symptoms of melanoma bone metastasis

Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

Updated on September 01, 2024

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Once melanoma metastasizes, patients will experience significant pain, which will become increasingly severe and eventually unbearable. Having melanoma can also cause the bones to become brittle and prone to fractures and cracks. Once melanoma metastasizes, it also destroys the body's immune system, causing patients to suffer from long-term headaches and nausea, and making the body weaker.

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Is melanoma easy to get?

Melanoma is not easy to contract, with relatively low incidence and mortality rates. Melanoma is a tumor derived from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, highly malignant, often occurring in the skin but also in mucous membranes, the choroid of the eye, the pia mater, and other various parts and tissues. In the Chinese population, it commonly appears on the extremities of the skin, such as the sole of the foot, toes, fingertips, and under the nails. According to global cancer statistics from last year, melanoma accounts for 1.6% of all new cancer cases. In China, the incidence and mortality rates of cutaneous melanoma are relatively low, with about one case per 300,000 people. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of melanoma, which needs to be monitored carefully.

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What are the symptoms of subungual melanoma?

Subungual melanoma, clinically, displays different symptoms depending on the stage. In its early stages, subungual melanoma primarily manifests as changes in nail color, with some cases showing localized thickening of the nail. As the melanoma progresses, abnormal secretions such as bloody or serous fluids may appear under the nail, and the nail itself may become uneven. As the subungual melanoma invades surrounding tissues, symptoms such as swelling, pain, or bleeding in the localized fingernail may occur. In advanced stages, symptoms of metastatic sites, such as coughing, chest pain, and chest tightness from lung metastases, can also manifest.

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Can melanoma be excised?

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, generally appears on the skin or in areas such as mucous membranes and the choroid of the eye. It is the most malignant type of skin tumor and is prone to distant metastases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in the initial stages of the disease. If a diagnosis of melanoma is confirmed at a formal hospital, it is recommended that patients undergo a complete excision biopsy of the lesion. If the lesion is too large to be removed, a superficial skin lesion theft or punch biopsy may also be considered.

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Melanoma originates from which tissue?

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Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. It is commonly found in individuals with fair skin, blond or red hair, and blue eyes, who are often prone to this type of disease, particularly in tropical regions where the condition is more prevalent. The incidence rate increases after the age of fifty, and the rate of occurrence between men and women within the same group is quite similar. In a minority of cases, melanoma can also occur in parts outside of the skin, such as the anus, rectum, esophagus, or inside the eyes. When the tumor is confined within the epidermis, referred to as in situ carcinoma, it can be cured through surgery. If there is metastasis, treatment may include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or local radiotherapy.