Why does cervical polyp bleed?

Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on December 16, 2024
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Cervical polyps in women are prone to bleeding, which is somewhat related to the causes of their formation. Most cervical polyps occur due to infection of the cervix, leading to proliferative changes. The tissues in these polyps lack muscle fibers, so when they bleed due to contact, there is no way to constrict and close off the bleeding vessels. Furthermore, cervical polyps are soft and fragile, easily bleeding upon contact. Additionally, the surface of cervical polyps is susceptible to invasion by external pathogens, prompting infections, which can exacerbate the occurrence of vaginal bleeding in women.

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Does cervical polyp surgery require anesthesia?

Cervical polyp removal surgery generally does not require anesthesia, partly because the stalk of the cervical polyp is usually quite thin, making it easy to cut off during removal. Another reason is that the nerve distribution in the cervical area is not as rich, so the cervical tissues are less sensitive to pain compared to other areas. Therefore, the cervical polyp removal surgery does not cause significant pulling reactions on the cervix, which is why general anesthesia is generally not needed.

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Why is cervical polyp prone to recurrence?

Cervical polyps are a type of benign lesion of the cervix. However, recurrent episodes are common after cervical polyp removal surgery. This may be due to inflammation that causes the polyps; if the inflammation, such as vaginitis or cervicitis, is not fully cleared after surgery, it can stimulate the regrowth of cervical polyps. Additionally, in some women, the base of the cervical polyp may be deep, and if it is not completely removed during surgery, recurrence may occur. Furthermore, in some cases, the polyp itself may undergo malignant transformation, leading to potential recurrence after the surgery.

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Do cervical polyps easily become cancerous?

The majority of cervical polyps are formed due to chronic inflammation, and the chance of malignant transformation in cervical polyps is very rare, generally showing no tendency towards malignancy. It is common to remove cervical polyps and then perform a pathology test again. If the pathology results show no issues, usually there are no significant problems. If one wants to check for cervical cancer and its precursors, it is usual to visit a hospital for cervical cancer screening, which includes a TCT (ThinPrep Cytologic Test) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) testing. These two tests can preliminarily screen for cervical cancer and precancerous conditions. The likelihood of cervical polyps becoming cancerous is low, and generally, polyp removal surgery can be done between three to seven days after menstruation ends when conditions are clean.

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Can you get pregnant with cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps generally form when a local area of cervical mucosa is stimulated by inflammation, leading to localized proliferation and the emergence of a solid tumor mass, which protrudes as a pedunculated lesion of varying sizes, from as small as a grain of rice to even three to four centimeters in length. However, it is usually possible to consider pregnancy after removal of the polyp, typically two weeks later, or after the next menstrual period, as it does not affect the ability to conceive. Moreover, it is generally advisable to remove the polyps upon discovery, since if not removed, they may cause recurring bleeding during pregnancy, which can complicate the monitoring of the pregnancy. However, cervical polyps are usually benign, with a low likelihood of being malignant. Thus, whether cervical polyps are detected through symptoms or during a physical examination, it is generally recommended to remove them first before considering pregnancy, although cervical polyps themselves do not impact fertility.

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What should I do about cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps are a type of chronic cervicitis. Cervical polyps are local protrusions formed by the hyperplasia of the cervical canal mucosa, known as cervical polyps. Cervical polyps often have a stalk that protrudes from the base towards the external orifice of the cervix. Once cervical polyps are discovered, a cervical polyp removal procedure can be performed. If there is bleeding during the procedure, hemostasis can be achieved using LigaSure or microwave. After the surgery, sexual activity should be avoided for one month, and antibiotic treatment should be administered for three to five days.