How is cervical polyp surgery performed?

Written by Yan Qiao
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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Cervical polyp removal surgery is a very common minor procedure in gynecology. This surgery involves minimal trauma, short operation time, and quick postoperative recovery. Generally, we conduct this surgery in the minor operation room of the gynecological outpatient clinic, and it does not require hospitalization; patients can go home right after the removal. During the procedure, we can use a biopsy forceps or a small curved forceps to directly clamp the pedicle of the polyp and remove it. Ideally, the procedure should be done under a colposcope. When using a colposcope, applying acetic acid or Lugol's solution helps in observing the appearance of the cervical polyp, facilitating differentiation from other conditions, such as Nabothian cysts which can easily be confused with cervical polyps.

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Can cervical polyp canceration be cured?

Cervical polyp malignancy, which is cervical cancer, can be completely cured if it is detected and treated early, with a cure rate reaching over 90%. Therefore, routine pathological examination must be performed when removing cervical polyps. If the pathology results indicate polyp malignancy, treatment should be carried out as for cervical cancer. The common treatment methods for cervical cancer are surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Timely treatment can lead to a cure.

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Do cervical polyps differentiate between benign and malignant?

Under normal circumstances, cervical polyps are considered benign hyperplastic lesions of the cervix, possibly related to the body's hormone levels or caused by inflammatory stimulation resulting in inflammatory polyps. However, sometimes malignancies of the endometrium or cervix can also present as polyp-like growths. It is usually impossible to distinguish benign from malignant lesions just by visual inspection. Therefore, whenever cervical polyps are found, it is common practice to perform a surgical removal of the cervical polyp and then conduct a histopathological examination to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.

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Written by Hou Jie
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How to treat cervical polyp cysts?

If a gynecological examination determines cervical polyps or cervical cysts, then local removal of the polyps and surgical clearance of the cysts will suffice. Both conditions are common gynecological diseases. Since the surgeries are simple and relatively low risk, most can be performed in an outpatient setting. If the patient's condition is more unusual, hospitalization for surgery may be safer. Specific approaches need to be tailored to the patient's individual circumstances in collaboration with the treating physician to achieve good therapeutic outcomes. Both cervical polyps and cervical cysts are manifestations of inflammatory diseases and are benign, so patients need not be overly anxious.

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Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to perform surgery on cervical polyps

According to the different shapes of cervical polyps in women and the varying depths of their stalks, the surgical methods also vary. For instance, if a woman discovers a small cervical polyp with a thin stalk that isn’t located too deeply, it can be treated in an outpatient setting. Usually, the stalk is clamped with a hemostatic forceps, then continuously twisted until it naturally breaks off, and the bleeding is generally not substantial, often not requiring hospitalization. However, for some women with larger cervical polyps and broader stalks located deeper within, especially when the stalk is deep within the cervical canal, performing a cervical polyp removal surgery in an outpatient setting may result in incomplete removal of the stalk, and the bleeding can be more significant. In such cases, hospitalization is usually required to perform an electrosurgical excision of the cervical polyp under hysteroscopy, during which the stalk can be completely removed and the bleeding can be thoroughly controlled.

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How to stop bleeding from cervical polyps?

The cervical polyps in women are relatively fragile, and if there is a concurrent infection, bleeding is more likely to occur. When bleeding from a cervical polyp happens, the best way to stop it is to remove the cervical polyp and then treat the inflammation. Some women may not wish to immediately undergo surgery to remove the cervical polyp; in such cases, local application of hemostatic medicines, such as commonly used Yunnan Baiyao or stuffing hemostatic gauze, or simply using ordinary gauze for compression can be employed to stop the bleeding, followed by the surgical removal of the cervical polyp later.