How to examine functional uterine bleeding?

Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on December 07, 2024
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Dysfunctional uterine bleeding primarily requires checking for any present anemia with routine blood tests and coagulation studies. Ultrasound is needed to examine the pelvis and uterine cavity, including the thickness of the endometrium. Treatment methods should be considered based on these results. Some cases can be managed with medication; others may require another diagnostic curettage to further clarify the condition of the endometrium; some may need contraceptives or similar treatments for 3-6 months, as this is fundamentally an endocrine issue involving hormonal imbalance, where hormonal treatment tends to be quite effective.

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Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What foods should be avoided with functional uterine bleeding?

When women suffer from dysfunctional uterine bleeding, they should be particularly careful with their diet. For example, most women at this time have pelvic congestion, so it is best not to eat cold or uncooked foods, as these can aggravate pelvic congestion, leading to increased bleeding or prolonged bleeding duration. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid foods that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, or some proprietary Chinese medicines, such as the commonly seen saffron, which can also increase menstrual flow and vaginal bleeding. Most women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, if prolonged, can affect their immunity, leading to infections. Therefore, it is best to avoid spicy foods during this period to prevent exacerbating infections.

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Written by Liu Jian Wei
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What are the symptoms of functional uterine bleeding?

Functional uterine bleeding, clinically divided into ovulatory and anovulatory functional uterine bleeding, presents differently depending on the type. Typically, the clinical manifestation of anovulatory functional uterine bleeding includes prolonged menstrual dripping or heavy vaginal bleeding. In such cases, it is recommended that patients seek immediate medical attention at a local hospital for a clear diagnosis and timely treatment. Ovulatory uterine bleeding is often characterized by changes in the menstrual cycle; some women may experience a shortened cycle, while others may have an extended menstrual cycle.

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Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What causes functional uterine bleeding?

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding refers to the situation where a woman's uterus, ovaries, and brain do not have any actual organic lesions, such as the absence of uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts, yet there are functional changes that lead to bleeding. For example, the most common causes include excessive mental stress during schooling, emotional changes due to the death of a family member, or changes in living environment due to business trips, all of which can trigger uterine bleeding. In some cases, uterine bleeding may be a manifestation of a systemic disease; for instance, some women may experience it due to severe anemia or as a result of prolonged dieting and poor dietary habits leading to malnutrition and weight loss, especially if there is a sudden drop in weight. Additionally, some women may have metabolic diseases that can also cause uterine bleeding. Metabolic diseases include conditions such as elevated blood sugar, abnormal lipid levels, or anomalies in thyroid and adrenal gland functions.

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Written by Li Shun Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to treat functional uterine bleeding?

Functional uterine bleeding should be treated according to the patient's age. If functional uterine bleeding occurs during adolescence, menstrual regulation treatment is needed. If it occurs during the reproductive age, it requires menstrual regulation and hemostasis, along with treatment to promote ovulation. If functional uterine bleeding occurs during menopause, it is mainly due to a lack of progesterone, and treatment with progesterone can be applied at this time. If there is endometrial thickening, dilation and curettage may be necessary, and the treatment plan should be determined based on the pathological results after the procedure.

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Written by Zou Fu Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What are the symptoms of functional uterine bleeding?

Functional uterine bleeding is primarily characterized by severe disruptions in menstrual cycle, amount, and duration. The disruptions in menstrual cycles typically manifest as an early onset of menstruation. The amount of menstruation is typically characterized as excessive, and the duration tends to be prolonged. Some women experience heavy bleeding or incomplete clearing, where they may remain unclean for half a month or even one or two months. This condition is primarily seen in adolescent girls and women going through menopause. Adolescent girls with uterine bleeding may experience anemia, and it could lead to infertility later on. Menopausal uterine bleeding may be accompanied by severe anemia, requiring some to be hospitalized for blood transfusions. Moreover, it is essential to perform an ultrasound if the uterine endometrium is thick, to rule out endometrial pathology.