What are the clinical manifestations of urinary incontinence?

Written by Zeng Zhong
Urology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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The clinical manifestation of urinary incontinence is primarily the involuntary leakage of urine, where the patient lacks the ability to control urination. Diagnosis mainly involves reviewing the patient's medical history and a physical examination, which in most cases is sufficient to understand the type and cause of the incontinence. A urodynamic test is crucial for a definitive diagnosis. The contents of the urodynamic examination include the assessment of bladder and urethral function. If a patient exhibits the aforementioned symptoms, they should visit the urology department of a hospital for formal evaluation and treatment.

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Written by Zhang Hui
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What to do about urinary incontinence in dementia in the elderly?

Dementia in the elderly is a degenerative neurological disease, and there are currently no particularly effective treatments. In the later stages, it is very common for the elderly to experience urinary incontinence. This is mainly because in the later stages, the autonomic nervous system is affected. Damage to the autonomic nerves leads to dysfunction of the sphincter muscles, resulting in urinary incontinence. Currently, there are no particularly good treatments for urinary incontinence caused by dementia, but some common methods are as follows. First, it is important to kindly remind and encourage the elderly to go to the bathroom frequently, asking every one to two hours whether they feel the need to urinate, which can help avoid urinary incontinence. Second, bathrooms must have conspicuous signs that are prominently placed to help the elderly locate the restrooms easily. Third, when necessary, the elderly can be given diapers to wear to avoid embarrassment from wetting their pants. Also, it's crucial to provide psychological comfort to the elderly and avoid causing them excessive psychological burden. Additionally, other causes must be ruled out. If there is a urinary tract infection or some other urinary system disease causing the incontinence, treatment of the primary disease should be undertaken.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
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Can fecal incontinence be cancer?

The most common causes of fecal incontinence are neurological dysfunction or relaxation of the local anal sphincter. In some cases of advanced rectal cancer, excessive tumor growth can enlarge the local intestinal contents, leading to involuntary expulsion of feces. Diagnosis involves further examination using electronic colonoscopy, digital anal examination, and assessment of neurological function. If the cause is related to a neurological disorder, treatment by a neurologist is required. If the cause is relaxation of the anal sphincter, then anal sphincter tightening surgery may be considered. In cases where fecal incontinence is caused by an intestinal tumor, surgery to remove the tumor is recommended, along with radiation or chemotherapy.

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Urinary incontinence includes three types: stress incontinence, urge incontinence, and overflow incontinence.

Urinary incontinence, in clinical terms, is divided into the following categories: First, there is urge incontinence, where the main symptom is that as soon as one thinks of urinating, the urine comes out uncontrollably. This is commonly seen in urinary tract infections, among other conditions. Second, there is overflow incontinence, also known as pseudo-incontinence, which is actually due to an obstruction in the lower urinary tract, leading to an overfilled bladder that naturally overflows, causing involuntary urination. Third, there is true incontinence, which occurs because the mechanism controlling the urinary tract is damaged, resulting in leaks as soon as there is a small amount of urine in the bladder. If urinary incontinence occurs, it is recommended to visit a hospital. First, a routine urine test should be conducted; second, a color Doppler ultrasound of the urinary system should be performed, which can be done while holding urine or during routine times; lastly, a urodynamic test should be carried out to examine bladder function and determine the type of urinary incontinence.

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Written by Zou De Bo
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"What tests should be done for urinary incontinence?"

Urinary incontinence is due to damage to the bladder sphincter or nerve dysfunction, resulting in the loss of voluntary control over urination, causing involuntary leakage of urine. This condition is more common in females than males, especially in women over fifty years of age. Some routine examinations for this condition include: First, urinalysis. Second, measuring residual urine volume, cystourethrography, bladder pressure tests, and then standing cystography. Additionally, tests such as urodynamic studies are helpful.

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How to recover from fecal incontinence?

For fecal incontinence, we must first conduct an effective evaluation and complete relevant examinations. For instance, we need to perform anal canal pressure measurements and examine the anal sphincter muscle imaging. Through these examinations, we can determine the extent of fecal incontinence and then adopt corresponding treatment methods. For fecal incontinence, we can initially choose conservative treatments, such as treatment with biofeedback therapy.