What are the causes of male infertility?

Written by Zhang Wei Wei
Integrative Medicine
Updated on January 17, 2025
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There are many diseases or factors that can lead to male infertility, leading to azoospermia, severe oligospermia, and oligozoospermia, as well as normospermic infertility, polyspermia, asthenospermia, etc. The main causes can be summarized in the following points: First, male sexual dysfunction, such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and anejaculation, can all cause male infertility. Second, abnormalities in sperm structure and seminal plasma can affect sperm motility, capacity, and reaction. Third, obstruction of the vas deferens affects the transport of sperm. Fourth, infection of the reproductive tract. Fifth, endocrine disorders, including deficiencies in gonadotropins. Sixth, chromosomal abnormalities, including the common pseudohermaphroditism chromosome.

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How should one pay attention to diet with infertility?

Infertility requires first identifying the cause of infertility, whether it is related to male factors or female factors. The likelihood of diet affecting infertility is not very high, however, if there is excessive obesity or extreme thinness, appropriate changes need to be made. Relevant examinations should be conducted, such as tests for blood sugar, insulin levels, etc. Patients with infertility should, like everyone else, avoid overly selective eating habits, pay attention to their weight, and maintain a balanced diet to ensure adequate nutrition intake, and avoid eating junk food.

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Is Chinese herbal medicine effective for infertility?

Is Chinese herbal medicine effective for infertility? My answer is definitely yes. Traditional Chinese medicine is a national treasure in our country, and it has good effects on chronic conditions, such as infertility. The main causes of infertility include liver stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm dampness, kidney deficiency, and so on. It’s not only drinking herbal medicine that proves useful for infertility patients. Traditional Chinese medicine also includes other treatments like topical applications, herbal enemas, and hot compresses, providing various effective methods to help patients conceive more quickly. It is important for patients to seek treatment at specialized or official hospitals for effective treatment.

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What are the routine examinations for infertility?

Infertility examinations typically include physical exams and special tests. Physical exams mainly involve checking the development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Special tests can include examining the quality of male semen, endocrine conditions, and anti-sperm antibodies. Additional procedures can include scrotal ultrasound, prostate ultrasound, prostate massage fluid analysis, and monitoring of the spermatic veins with ultrasound to check for varicoceles. For females, it is important to check for any underlying diseases and ensure normal development of the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa. Examinations should also check for uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriomas, and assess for any abnormalities in the reproductive tract. Monitoring ovulation is also crucial to identify any abnormalities in ovulation. If ovulation is normal, the patency of the fallopian tubes should be checked, which can be done through a fallopian tube iodine contrast imaging procedure.

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Where is the best place to seek treatment for infertility?

After marriage, if neither party has a desire not to have children, and they have cohabited for more than a year with normal sexual activity without using contraception yet are still unable to conceive, they are diagnosed with infertility. Infertility pertains to females, and sterility pertains to males. If infertility is confirmed, one can first visit a local reproductive center for consultation. Currently, the technology and diagnostic methods related to reproduction are mostly uniform everywhere, involving a screening process. Therefore, one can begin by screening at a local reproductive center to identify some possible causes for not conceiving, including issues like ovulatory disorders in the female, fallopian tube factors, the presence of endometriosis, uterine abnormalities, immune factors, and the normalcy of the male sperm. After screening the causes, consider monitoring ovulation and guiding intercourse, or explore assisted reproductive techniques, including artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The best hospital for assisted reproduction in the country is Peking University Third Hospital. However, the level of assisted reproduction technology is similar nationwide, and facilities are continuously learning and sharing techniques, so one can choose a local center based on personal circumstances.

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What should I do if I have irregular menstruation and infertility?

If menstrual irregularities lead to infertility, the first step is to go to the hospital for an endocrine test. Menstrual irregularities generally indicate a dysfunction in ovarian function. At this time, you can go to the hospital for a blood test, which should be done on the second to fifth day of the menstrual period. It is important to fast before the blood test. After the blood test, treatment should be based on the results. Generally, patients with menstrual irregularities experience ovulation disorders or ovarian secretion dysfunction, causing abnormal hormone levels in the body, which are not conducive to egg implantation and development. Therefore, if menstrual irregularities lead to infertility, it is essential to undergo relevant medical examinations at the hospital and then treat based on the findings. Moreover, if you have been trying to conceive for over a year without success, be sure to undergo other infertility tests.