Infertility is a condition.

Written by Kang Jian Hua

Reproductive Center

Updated on December 31, 2024

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Infertility refers to the condition where, after a couple has married and cohabited for more than a year, despite having regular sexual intercourse without any contraception, they are unable to conceive naturally. There are many factors that can cause infertility, including factors related to the male, the female, or both. Male factors account for about 40% of infertility cases, female factors account for about 50%, and combined factors account for about 10%. Female infertility includes ovarian infertility, fallopian tube infertility, uterine infertility, cervical infertility, vaginal infertility, immunological infertility, and more.

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Written by Yue Hua

Obstetrics and Gynecology

47sec

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The causes of infertility due to endometriosis

The main reason that endometriosis leads to infertility is that the condition alters the anatomical structure of the pelvic area. It is often found that there are extensive adhesions around the ovaries and fallopian tubes, which can lead to blockage or twisting of the fallopian tubes. This can cause abnormal movement of the fallopian tubes, impacting the transport of the fertilized egg. Additionally, in patients with endometriosis, the pelvic environment is also found to be poor, and some women may experience abnormalities in ovarian function, mainly manifesting as ovulatory disorders. These are all reasons that lead to infertility.

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Written by Kang Jian Hua

Reproductive Center

1min 9sec

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What are the routine examinations for infertility?

Infertility examinations typically include physical exams and special tests. Physical exams mainly involve checking the development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Special tests can include examining the quality of male semen, endocrine conditions, and anti-sperm antibodies. Additional procedures can include scrotal ultrasound, prostate ultrasound, prostate massage fluid analysis, and monitoring of the spermatic veins with ultrasound to check for varicoceles. For females, it is important to check for any underlying diseases and ensure normal development of the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa. Examinations should also check for uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriomas, and assess for any abnormalities in the reproductive tract. Monitoring ovulation is also crucial to identify any abnormalities in ovulation. If ovulation is normal, the patency of the fallopian tubes should be checked, which can be done through a fallopian tube iodine contrast imaging procedure.

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Written by Zhang Lu

Obstetrics

51sec

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Why does a chocolate cyst cause infertility?

Chocolate cysts, also known as ovarian endometriomas, are a manifestation of endometriosis. Generally, it refers to the implantation of endometrial tissue on the ovaries, causing local infiltration and invasion, leading to cysts. Because the fluid inside the cyst resembles chocolate, they are called chocolate cysts. Chocolate cysts may cause infertility, for the following reasons: First, chocolate cysts can affect the function of the ovaries, causing ovulatory disorders and ovarian dysfunction. The secretion of estrogen and progesterone is relatively low, and these factors can lead to infertility. Second, chocolate cysts can cause adhesions within the pelvic cavity, affecting the egg-picking function of the fallopian tubes. This factor can also lead to female infertility.

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Written by Shen Li Wen

Obstetrics and Gynecology

41sec

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Can pelvic effusion cause infertility?

Usually, pelvic effusion in women does not lead to infertility. For instance, physiological conditions in women, such as during the menstrual period or around ovulation, can lead to a small amount of leakage in the pelvic cavity. During an ultrasound, this may appear as a small amount of pelvic effusion, which is usually absorbed normally and does not affect pregnancy. However, if a woman's pelvic effusion is due to inflammation, and this inflammation affects the fallopian tubes or ovaries, causing inflammation in these areas, it might impact the woman's ability to conceive normally.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua

Obstetrics and Gynecology

51sec

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What is infertility?

If a couple has been married for a year without using contraception, are not living separately, and have not conceived, or if there has been a history of abortion and no conception has occurred within six months of unprotected sexual activity, then this is considered infertility. Infertility can be due to female factors or male factors, with male infertility also accounting for a significant proportion. Male investigations are relatively simple, non-invasive, and also less expensive, so it is generally advisable to first conduct male tests, followed by female assessments, such as endocrine function, ovulation, uterine lining, fallopian tube examinations, or various biochemical tests, etc.