Neonatal jaundice symptoms

Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
Updated on September 22, 2024
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Neonatal jaundice is most commonly seen in the skin and mucous membranes, and the sclera, or what we refer to as the eyes, presenting with a yellow discoloration of the white part. The most common symptom is yellowing of the skin. There may also be other symptoms such as crying and restlessness, fever, or rapid and irregular breathing. Some babies might sleep longer than usual, have difficulty feeding, or experience issues with bowel movements, such as a significant decrease in stool frequency or a reduction in urine output. These could be accompanying symptoms of neonatal jaundice. Each baby presents differently with jaundice; more accompanying symptoms often indicate a more severe condition. If the jaundice is limited to skin discoloration without other significant symptoms, it may indicate an early stage of the condition. Generally, if the jaundice is pronounced, it is considered pathological jaundice, and it is advisable to go to the hospital. A pediatric specialist can conduct relevant examinations and decide if immediate intervention and treatment are necessary.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
2min 2sec home-news-image

How to treat neonatal jaundice

Neonatal jaundice is the most common phenomenon during the neonatal period and generally falls into two categories: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. As the name suggests, physiological jaundice is a normal physiological phenomenon. It typically appears in full-term babies on days 2-3, peaks on days 4-5, and gradually decreases around day 7, and completely subsides within two weeks. This type does not require intervention as the baby is generally in good condition and usually does not need treatment. Jaundice that appears early, progresses quickly, is severe, or lasts a long time is considered pathological jaundice. The diagnosis of pathological jaundice is generally made by a doctor. It is recommended that babies be monitored daily for jaundice within the first two weeks after birth. Based on the bilirubin levels, if it is high, it is advisable to seek a thorough examination from a neonatologist. Pathological jaundice requires timely intervention, especially considering liver function. If there is a significant increase in indirect bilirubin, this type of jaundice can be neurotoxic. Persistent high jaundice might affect the brain, so prompt intervention is necessary. Hospitalization for jaundice treatment will depend on the cause, and treatment will be symptomatic. The cause might be other pathological factors; removing the cause while treating the jaundice is the usual approach. Common treatment for high indirect bilirubin involves phototherapy. If conjugated bilirubin is elevated, the underlying cause might be more complex and treatment more challenging. Therefore, if jaundice is detected and there is uncertainty, it is advised to promptly visit a hospital for intervention by a neonatal specialist and necessary treatment.

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Written by Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
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How to deal with neonatal jaundice hemolysis?

Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to alloimmune hemolysis caused by maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility, commonly seen in life with A, B, O blood type mismatches, and Rh blood type mismatch is less common. Once neonatal hemolytic disease is diagnosed, aggressive treatment must be pursued. Initially, phototherapy treatment is recommended, commonly referred to as blue light therapy. Additionally, medication therapy for the child is necessary, frequently involving albumin and intravenous immunoglobulin, along with the use of sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis. If the aforementioned treatments do not yield satisfactory results, blood exchange treatment should be considered for the child. This mainly involves removing free antibodies and sensitized red blood cells from the blood, thereby alleviating hemolysis and ultimately achieving therapeutic goals. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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How to test for neonatal jaundice?

Neonatal jaundice is relatively common during the newborn period, with about 80% of full-term babies showing visible yellowing of the skin. Typically, jaundice is measured using a jaundice meter, such devices are available in common community hospitals as well as in major hospitals like People's Hospital or maternity and children's health facilities, or other comprehensive hospitals. This is generally done through transcutaneous bilirubin measurement. If the transcutaneous bilirubin levels are high, it is necessary to determine the specific degree of jaundice, at which point a blood test to check liver function is required to assess the bilirubin levels more precisely.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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normal values of neonatal jaundice

Neonatal jaundice is the most common phenomenon in the neonatal period, generally divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. If the baby's values are within the normal range, it may be physiological jaundice, which does not require special intervention and will resolve on its own. Typically, normal physiological jaundice appears 2-3 days after birth, peaks around 4-5 days, begins to lessen about a week later, and resolves within two weeks, generally occurring in full-term infants born after 37 weeks. It's advisable for babies to have their jaundice monitored daily within the first two weeks, especially during the peak period, from 2-3 days to about a week or around ten days, when jaundice monitoring should be more frequent. Normally, it's best if the bilirubin levels in newborns do not exceed 6 mg/dL in the first 24 hours, 9 mg/dL within 24-48 hours, 12 mg/dL within 48-72 hours, and 15 mg/dL after 72 hours. These values are generally considered acceptable. Additionally, jaundice progression should not be too rapid; if bilirubin levels rise more than 5 mg/dL within 24 hours, it indicates too rapid an increase in jaundice. In such cases, it is also necessary to go to the hospital, where a neonatal doctor should assess the baby and decide if special treatment intervention is needed.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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Can newborns with jaundice drink water?

Neonatal jaundice is one of the common symptoms in newborns. It can be a normal physiological phenomenon or an external manifestation of certain diseases. Jaundice is generally divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. The treatment of jaundice generally involves observing the progression and severity of the baby's jaundice and any accompanying symptoms. The causes of jaundice are numerous. Regarding the feeding of jaundiced infants, it is important to feed on demand and increase feeding to promote the excretion of urine and stool, which can help reduce jaundice. However, it is not advisable to feed water to newborns with jaundice. Typically, the growth and development of babies are relatively rapid in the early stages, requiring nutritional supply. Water has virtually no nutrients, but breast milk or formula feeding provides sufficient hydration for the baby's needs. Therefore, for jaundiced babies, usually within the first six months of life, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended. In special circumstances, formula supplementation may be appropriate, but feeding water is not recommended.