Neurodermatitis, also known as chronic simple lichen, is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease marked by periodic severe itching and lichen-like changes in the skin due to neurological dysfunction. The exact causes of neurodermatitis are still unclear. It is not merely related to deficiencies in certain trace elements. It is generally considered to be related to an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory functions of the cerebral cortex, possibly linked to mental stress such as impatience, excessive contemplation, depression, fatigue, and insomnia. Some patients' conditions may be associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, endocrine disruption, an unbalanced diet including excessive alcohol consumption, intake of spicy foods, shellfish, etc., as well as local irritants like rigid collars, wool plants, chemicals, and scratching. All these internal and external factors play a role. The treatment of neurodermatitis mainly focuses on avoiding various irritants such as scratching and friction. Psychological therapies also assist by breaking the vicious cycle of scratching and itching. The primary treatment approach involves topical medications, supplemented by traditional Chinese medicine. Systemic medications might include antihistamines for itching relief, along with supplements like calcium, vitamin C, thiamine, and various B vitamins, all of which aid in recovery.