What does an external hemorrhoid look like?

Written by Deng Heng
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on February 18, 2025
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External hemorrhoids are hypertrophic protrusions of the skin around the anal margin, forming skin tags, or expansions of the subcutaneous venous plexus, where blood flow stagnates and thromboses form, or other raised lesion-like abnormalities appear. Based on histopathological characteristics, external hemorrhoids can be categorized into four main types: connective tissue-type, thrombotic-type, varicose-type, and inflammatory external hemorrhoids. Connective tissue-type external hemorrhoids primarily consist of hypertrophic protrusions of the anal margin skin tags, also known as skin tag external hemorrhoids. Varicose-type external hemorrhoids, also known as venous cluster-type external hemorrhoids, occur when the venous plexus below the dentate line expands and twists, forming venous clusters. Inflammatory external hemorrhoids are a condition where pre-existing skin tag external hemorrhoids develop inflammatory changes. Thrombotic-type external hemorrhoids are a type of anal disease that occurs due to bleeding from the hemorrhoidal veins or the formation of thromboses in the skin around the anus.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Can thrombotic external hemorrhoids exercise?

During the acute flare-up of thrombotic external hemorrhoids, there is congestion and edema of the local anal cushion, and thrombosis forms within the local hemorrhoidal nucleus and mucosa. It is not advisable for patients to engage in excessive exercise, as this may aggravate the congestion of the local hemorrhoidal nucleus and worsen the condition of thrombotic hemorrhoids. Excessive exercise and friction may also lead to rupture of the thrombus, resulting in pain or infection. During an acute episode of thrombotic external hemorrhoids, patients may choose to use hemorrhoid wash solution for hot compresses to alleviate local symptoms. If the symptoms are severe or the thrombus is large, surgical removal may also be an option. Patients with thrombotic external hemorrhoids need to pay attention to the duration of defecation, mainly keeping it under ten minutes, because prolonged defecation or excessive straining during bowel movements can increase vascular pressure in the local hemorrhoidal nucleus, leading to thrombus formation.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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How long does surgery for thrombotic external hemorrhoids take?

Thrombotic external hemorrhoid surgery primarily involves the excision of thrombotic external hemorrhoids. If it's simply an excision of external hemorrhoids, the surgery generally takes about half an hour. The recovery time post-surgery requires two to three weeks, mainly depending on the severity of the patient's condition and individual tissue healing rates, which can vary. After the excision surgery for thrombotic external hemorrhoids, a local wound is left, necessitating daily disinfection and dressing changes. When necessary, hemorrhoid ointment or muscle-generating Yuhong ointment may also be applied to promote healing and treatment.

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Written by Yang Dong
Colorectal Surgery Department
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Symptoms of thrombosed external hemorrhoids

Thrombotic external hemorrhoids are a type of external hemorrhoids. They are caused by the rupture of blood vessels in external hemorrhoids, leading to blood spillage, which in turn causes pain and inflammation. The symptoms manifest as a sudden hard lump near the anus. If visible, subcutaneous purple bruises can be seen, and pressing on it causes pain. Generally, surgical treatment is required.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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How to relieve pain from thrombosed external hemorrhoids?

The main cause of pain in thrombotic external hemorrhoids is the thrombus within the local hemorrhoid nucleus, which increases the congestion pressure and leads to discomfort and pain. During the acute phase of thrombotic external hemorrhoids, there is generally pain or bloating in the local area, along with difficulty in defecation. To quickly alleviate the pain, one can manually break the local thrombus or use traditional Chinese medicine washes for hot compresses to promote the absorption of the thrombus. If the thrombus is large or the condition is severe, surgery can also be performed to peel and remove the local thrombus, which is the most effective method for pain relief. After the surgery for peeling off thrombotic external hemorrhoids, it is necessary to disinfect the local wound surface to avoid infection.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Thrombotic external hemorrhoids clinical characteristics

The clinical features of thrombosed external hemorrhoids primarily include acute episodes of localized swelling and pain in the anal area, with thrombosis forming in the local hemorrhoidal tissue. This condition is primarily due to dry stools and excessive straining during bowel movements, leading to congestion and edema in the local hemorrhoidal tissue and subsequent disruption of local blood circulation, resulting in thrombosis. After an attack, the anal hemorrhoidal tissue may display dark red or purplish clots, enclosed by the local skin and mucous membrane. Treatment options include the application of topical medications and hot compresses to promote absorption of the hemorrhoids, as well as local surgical excision. It is important to note that if rupture or bleeding occurs, considering the possibility of local thrombus rupture, it is essential to perform proper local cleaning and disinfection and to promptly proceed with surgical excision to prevent infection.