What is chickenpox?

Written by Yuan Lin Yan
Infectious Disease
Updated on September 03, 2024
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Chickenpox is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, commonly seen in children and prevalent in the spring season. The only source of infection is individuals with chickenpox. It spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The disease is highly contagious and the general population is susceptible, but once recovered, long-lasting immunity is acquired. Clinically, symptoms may include mild fever, headache, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and loss of appetite, lasting for one to two days before the appearance of a rash. The rash first appears on the trunk and then spreads to the face and limbs. Chickenpox rash usually appears in batches, so at the same site, maculopapular rash, vesicles, and crusts can be seen. The crusts typically fall off about a week later, generally leaving no scars. Chickenpox is a self-limiting disease and typically resolves on its own in about ten days.

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Written by Yuan Lin Yan
Infectious Disease
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What are the symptoms and treatments for chickenpox in children?

Symptoms of chickenpox in children vary with age. Infants often show no symptoms or only mild symptoms, which can include mild fever, irritability, and refusal of breast milk, accompanied by a rash. Older children may experience mild fever, headache, fatigue, sore throat, coughing, and decreased appetite. These symptoms persist for one to two days before a rash appears. The rash initially appears on the trunk and then spreads to the face and limbs. Chickenpox rashes often emerge in batches, so the same area may show maculopapular lesions, vesicles, and crusts at the same time. The crusts typically fall off about a week later, usually leaving no scars. Secondary bacterial skin infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and hepatitis are possible complications. In terms of treatment, infected children should be isolated until all the vesicles have crusted over. During the fever, they should rest in bed, consume an easily digestible diet, stay hydrated, and practice enhanced skincare to prevent infection of the vesicles. Antiviral treatment within 24 hours of rash onset can control the progression of the rash and speed up recovery. If a secondary bacterial infection develops, antibiotics should be used. In cases where encephalitis causes cerebral edema, dehydration treatments should be administered. The use of corticosteroids is not advisable for treating chickenpox.

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Written by Hu Qi Feng
Pediatrics
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How to treat chickenpox in children?

Chickenpox is a self-limiting disease, and when there are no complications, treatment generally involves basic care and symptomatic management. Patients should be isolated, with enhanced nursing care such as frequently changing underwear, trimming the nails of children to prevent scratching, and reducing secondary infections. It is important to maintain good ventilation in the room, provide adequate water and easily digestible food, and use antipruritic agents as appropriate to relieve itching. Antiviral drugs may be appropriately selected, antibiotics can be used for secondary infections, and corticosteroids should not be used.

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Written by Han Jian Hua
Infectious Disease
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Symptoms and Treatment of Chickenpox

The main symptoms of chickenpox include a mild fever and rash, with some patients experiencing headaches, coughs, and other symptoms. Treatment primarily consists of general treatment, antiviral therapy, and treatment of complications.

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Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
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What should I do if my child has chickenpox?

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus infection and is highly contagious, primarily spreading through the air or droplets. Once infected, it quickly spreads to children or older adults who are in contact with each other. It is best for a child with chickenpox to go to a dermatology department at a formal hospital for antiviral medication treatment. Some children may develop a high fever and can take some fever-reducing medicine appropriately; if there is an inflammatory infection, some anti-inflammatory drugs can be taken as needed. During treatment, it is important to isolate, drink plenty of water, and eat a light diet. Try to avoid going outside in the wind or to crowded places to prevent cross-infection. (Doctor's answer is for reference only; medication should be taken under the guidance of a professional physician, do not take medicine blindly.)

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Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
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How long does it take to treat chickenpox?

Chickenpox is caused by an infection with the varicella-zoster virus and is highly contagious. It can be spread through air or droplets by mutual contact. Once infected, the disease can generally be cured within about a week or ten days with proper treatment. During the treatment period, it is essential to drink plenty of water, avoid crowded places, and avoid contact with children or older people to prevent spreading the virus to others. It is also crucial to rest, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and not stay up late. If fever occurs, appropriate fever-reducing medication can be taken.