Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis

Written by Hu Xue Jun
Pulmonology
Updated on September 24, 2024
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Now let me talk about the symptoms of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can invade many organs, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common. The main symptoms are respiratory symptoms and systemic symptoms. The respiratory symptoms are mainly manifested as coughing, expectoration for more than two weeks, or blood in the sputum, which are common suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Generally, the cough is mild, either dry or with a small amount of mucus. When cavities form, the amount of sputum may increase, and if there is a secondary bacterial infection, the sputum may become purulent. If there is concomitant bronchial tuberculosis, it will manifest as an irritating cough. About one-third of patients will experience hemoptysis, and some may experience massive hemoptysis. If the tuberculosis lesions involve the pleura, it can manifest as chest pain. Dyspnea is more common in patients with caseous pneumonia or those with a large amount of pleural effusion. These are local symptoms. Systemic symptoms mainly manifest as fever, which is the most common manifestation, often as long-term afternoon fever, meaning it begins to rise in the afternoon or evening, drops in the morning, and then returns to normal. Some patients may also experience fatigue, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, etc. Women of childbearing age may experience menstrual disorders, etc.

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Written by Wang Xiang Yu
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Local symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis

The local symptoms of tuberculosis primarily require us to understand where tuberculosis occurs. Currently, tuberculosis in the lung tissues, trachea, bronchi, and pleura are all classified as pulmonary tuberculosis. The primary local symptoms are still respiratory symptoms, with the most common being cough and expectoration. Patients with tuberculosis generally have a slow onset, with most experiencing cough and expectoration that can persist for two weeks or more. Some patients may also exhibit symptoms like blood in the sputum or hemoptysis. Additionally, some patients may experience other symptoms; for example, those with pleural involvement might have irritative cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing, while those with tracheobronchial involvement might exhibit a prolonged irritative cough. Some patients may also develop bronchial stenosis, which can lead to difficulty breathing.

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Written by Han Jian Hua
Infectious Disease
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Does tuberculosis infect people?

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, and hearing the term "tuberculosis" inevitably makes people nervous. However, not all tuberculosis patients are contagious. Research shows that among tuberculosis patients, only those who have tuberculosis bacteria found in sputum smear tests are contagious. With a source of infection, the tuberculosis bacteria must be transmitted to others through certain routes. Airborne transmission is the main route of transmission for tuberculosis bacteria. When a tuberculosis patient coughs, sneezes, or speaks loudly, they release a large number of droplet nuclei containing tuberculosis bacteria into the air, which can be inhaled by healthy individuals and cause infection. The degree of tuberculosis bacteria infection mainly depends on factors such as the amount of bacteria the patient expels, the severity of coughing symptoms, and the extent of contact. Therefore, when there is a tuberculosis patient nearby, we first need to understand whether they are in the active phase of the disease, that is, expelling bacteria, and whether they are undergoing anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. If the patient has a negative sputum test or has undergone chemotherapy for a positive sputum test, such patients have very low contagiousness, so there is no need to worry too much about being infected.

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Written by Wang Chun Mei
Pulmonology
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Does early-stage pulmonary tuberculosis cause fever?

Early stage tuberculosis patients generally exhibit clinical symptoms such as fever, primarily low-grade fever in the afternoon, along with coughing, hemoptysis, chest pain, chest tightness, and additional symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats. These are very common and typical clinical symptoms of tuberculosis. Therefore, fever is very common in the early stages of tuberculosis. Consequently, once tuberculosis is accurately diagnosed in patients, it is crucial to promptly administer antitubercular drugs for systematic treatment. Usually, with a treatment duration of 6-9 months, the symptoms of early-stage tuberculosis and fever can be effectively controlled.

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Written by Wang Xiang Yu
Pulmonology
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Can people with tuberculosis drink alcohol?

Whether patients with tuberculosis can drink alcohol, first of all, it is important to know that tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease and a consumptive disease that consumes the body's calories. Drinking alcohol can affect the body's absorption of energy. Moreover, most patients with tuberculosis need to take anti-tuberculosis medication, most of which are metabolized through the liver and can cause varying degrees of liver damage. Drinking alcohol can exacerbate liver damage and reduce the effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, since there are many types of anti-tuberculosis medications for tuberculosis patients, some medications may cause adverse reactions when drinking alcohol. Therefore, all tuberculosis patients must strictly abstain from drinking alcohol during treatment.

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Written by Han Shun Li
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Can people with tuberculosis eat lamb?

Tuberculosis is a very common infectious disease in our country. After contracting tuberculosis, symptoms often include coughing, phlegm, hemoptysis, chest pain, low fever, night sweats, fatigue, poor appetite, and weight loss. Generally speaking, as long as one is not allergic to mutton, it can be consumed. However, if the patient has significant poor appetite and weak digestive function, it is better to eat less or avoid mutton to prevent worsening the symptoms due to indigestion. If the digestive function is still relatively good, eating mutton is alright as it is nutritious and can provide energy, benefiting the patient's recovery.