Viral hepatitis is caused by infection with hepatitis viruses, resulting in liver damage and is somewhat contagious, commonly including types A, B, C, D, and E, totaling five types. In fact, the hepatitis virus itself may not cause liver damage directly, rather it is the immune responses triggered by the infection that lead to immunological damage. Thus, viral hepatitis is essentially an immune-mediated inflammation. Different types of viral hepatitis have different outcomes and prognoses. The transmission routes of viral hepatitis mainly fall into two categories: hepatitis A and E are primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, while hepatitis B, C, and D are mainly spread through blood and other body fluids. Treatment should be tailored according to the specific circumstances.