Hypokalemia is a condition.

Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
Updated on November 18, 2024
00:00
00:00

Hypokalemia is classified as an electrolyte disorder. When suffering from hypokalemia, patients may experience general weakness and poor appetite. In severe cases, paralysis of the limbs may occur. There are certain causes of hypokalemia, which can be divided into three types. One is reduced intake, the second is excessive loss, and the third is abnormal distribution. Reduced intake mainly refers to patients with poor diets; excessive loss is common in patients with infections, diarrhea, and those who excrete a high amount of potassium in their urine; abnormal distribution refers to potassium moving from the extracellular space into cells, causing hypokalemia.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
1min 3sec home-news-image

How to supplement potassium for hypokalemia

Hypokalemia generally has two common methods of potassium supplementation. The first is oral potassium supplementation, and the second is intravenous potassium supplementation. Oral potassium supplementation is the safest method, for example, taking potassium chloride sustained-release tablets orally, as well as potassium chloride injection solution orally, and eating more potassium-rich vegetables and fruits. The second method is intravenous potassium supplementation. For intravenous potassium supplementation, it is important to pay attention to the patient's urine output. If the patient's urine output is adequate, intravenous potassium supplementation can be appropriately performed, and the concentration of intravenous potassium supplementation should not exceed 0.3% to prevent arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
49sec home-news-image

Early electrocardiogram manifestations of hypokalemia

When hypokalemia occurs in the human body, it produces characteristic manifestations on the electrocardiogram (ECG) known as U waves. These so-called U waves appear as small waves at the tail end of the ST-T segment, often accompanied by a slight depression of the ST-T segment and mild changes in the T wave. If hypokalemia is severe, it can induce supraventricular arrhythmias, including premature ventricular contractions or first-degree atrioventricular block. In very severe cases, it may lead to life-threatening torsades de pointes, a type of ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, monitoring blood potassium levels and timely potassium supplementation are crucial for these patients to protect their health and safety.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
44sec home-news-image

How to treat hypokalemia?

After the occurrence of hypokalemia, there are generally two methods of potassium supplementation clinically. The first is oral potassium supplementation, which is relatively safe, and one can also eat fruits or vegetables rich in potassium. The second method is intravenous potassium supplementation. The first thing to note with intravenous supplementation is the patient's urination status. If the patient’s urination is normal, potassium chloride can be administered intravenously but must be diluted. In clinical practice, the concentration of intravenous potassium chloride generally does not exceed 0.3%, so we must pay attention to the concentration during potassium supplementation.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
57sec home-news-image

How many days does hypokalemia need to be treated?

In the extracellular fluid of human cells, the concentration of potassium in the blood is 3.5 to 5.5 millimoles per liter. If the potassium level falls below 3.5 millimoles per liter, it is considered hypokalemia. The main causes of hypokalemia are insufficient intake and excessive excretion. The treatment duration for hypokalemia caused by different primary diseases varies. For mild hypokalemia, oral potassium supplements alone can correct the condition, but this generally takes about three to five days. For severe hypokalemia, intravenous potassium should be administered as soon as possible, preferably through a central venous line for fluid administration. At this time, the focus is on treating the underlying disease and timely supplementation of potassium ions. The duration of treatment may be relatively longer, and it is not possible to determine a specific timeframe.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
1min home-news-image

Clinical symptoms of hypokalemia

Hypokalemia has diverse clinical manifestations. The most life-threatening symptoms involve the cardiac conduction system and the neuromuscular system. In mild hypokalemia, the electrocardiogram (ECG) shows flattened T waves or their disappearance, along with the appearance of U waves. Severe hypokalemia can lead to lethal arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden death. In the neuromuscular system, the most prominent symptoms of hypokalemia are in the skeletal muscle, presenting as sluggish paralysis and loss of tone in the smooth muscle, leading to rhabdomyolysis. If respiratory muscles are affected, it may result in respiratory failure. Hypokalemia can also cause insulin resistance and obstruct insulin release, leading to significant glucose tolerance abnormalities. Decreased potassium excretion reduces the kidney's ability to concentrate urine, resulting in polyuria.