The decision on whether surgery is needed for pectus excavatum depends on the patient's age, the severity of the deformity, and the elasticity of the chest wall. If the patient is very young, under one year old, and the pectus excavatum is not very severe, we recommend a watchful waiting approach. In patients with pectus excavatum under one year old, it is possible that the condition is pseudopectus excavatum, which may improve as they grow and develop within the first year. However, not everyone improves, with about one third of the cases showing improvement within the first year. If the child is older than one year, the likelihood of improvement is basically none, and at this time, conservative treatment using a pectus excavatum suction cup can be considered. If adhered to effectively, the suction cup can have a certain effect for some patients with pectus excavatum. But if the patient is over three to five years old and the chest wall has matured, surgery should be considered. Therefore, for the vast majority of patients with pectus excavatum, surgery is a relatively definitive and immediately effective method.