Patients with small atrial septal defects and no related symptoms, pulmonary hypertension, or ventricular enlargement generally do not need specific medication. If symptoms do occur, interventional or surgical treatment should be chosen. Medication is necessary only if there is accompanying heart failure, pulmonary infection, or arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. In the case of infections like pneumonia or infective endocarditis, appropriate antibiotics or antiviral medications should be actively used. When heart failure occurs, medications to control arrhythmias, such as vasodilators, diuretics, and agents to control ventricular rate, are required.