What should I do if diabetic nephropathy causes facial swelling?

Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on March 03, 2025
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Diabetic nephropathy with facial swelling is generally due to too much protein in the urine and too little protein in the blood, causing hypoalbuminemia, which leads to edema. There are several methods to control diabetic nephropathy: First, blood sugar and blood pressure must be strictly controlled within a normal range. Blood pressure control should be even stricter for those with diabetic nephropathy, generally kept below 130/80. Second, in terms of diet, it is crucial to avoid or limit intake of bean-based foods and consume high-quality proteins instead. High-quality proteins include commonly known meats, eggs, and fish. Third, it is essential to limit or avoid the use of medications that can damage the kidneys. Fourth, if diabetic nephropathy causes general body edema, intermittent use of diuretic medications can help alleviate the swelling, along with nephroprotective medications. The final method for severe kidney disease involves early intervention with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor)

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does diabetic nephropathy hurt?

Diabetic nephropathy generally does not cause painful symptoms. Diabetic nephropathy refers to the kidney damage that results from long-term diabetes, caused by factors such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and an increase in advanced glycation end products. In the early stages, patients may experience an increase in kidney size and an increased glomerular filtration rate. As the condition progresses, proteinuria may occur, and it could eventually lead to severe renal failure. Throughout this process, patients typically do not experience pain because the kidneys do not have nerve innervation and therefore do not feel pain. Thus, including diabetic nephropathy, various kidney diseases and nephritis generally do not manifest with pain.

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Written by Hu Lin
Nephrology
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How to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy

The prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy include the following 6 aspects: The first is changing lifestyle, including controlling weight, diabetic diet, quitting smoking, quitting alcohol, and appropriate exercise. Changing lifestyle is the foundation of blood sugar control and a key to improving various metabolic disorders. The second is blood sugar control. Strict blood sugar control is the most important means to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Under normal kidney function, it is recommended to keep glycated hemoglobin below 6.2%. For patients with abnormal kidney function or elderly patients, it can be relaxed to 7%. The third is to reduce blood pressure and proteinuria. The most commonly used medications are ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Once diabetic microalbuminuria appears, blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80 mmHg. The fourth is to restrict the intake of dietary protein, with a focus on animal protein, i.e., high-quality protein. Early stage protein intake should be controlled at 0.8-1g/kg; for patients who have developed renal failure, controlling protein intake at 0.6-0.8g/kg is more appropriate. The fifth involves controlling other factors, including a low-salt diet and treating hyperlipidemia. The sixth is the treatment of end-stage diabetic nephropathy. Since diabetic nephropathy patients frequently have cardiovascular complications and symptoms of uremia appear earlier, it is appropriate to start dialysis treatment early. (Please take medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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How to supplement for anemia in diabetic nephropathy?

Patients with diabetic nephropathy who exhibit anemia are often in a state of chronic renal failure. This anemia caused by chronic kidney disease is mainly due to the decreased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys. Therefore, treatment involves the use of erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis. In addition to this medication, patients generally also need to supplement with iron preparations, such as ferrous succinate, sucrose iron, etc., and take oral folic acid, all of which are raw materials for blood formation. Furthermore, if patients have severe malnutrition, they should also supplement with foods rich in protein, such as eggs, milk, chicken, duck, fish, etc. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does diabetic nephropathy require a biopsy?

Whether a patient with diabetic nephropathy needs a biopsy depends on the condition of the patient. Firstly, if the kidney disease is in the early stages and the blood creatinine level has not exceeded 256 micromoles per liter, a kidney biopsy can be considered. Otherwise, if the blood creatinine level exceeds 256 micromoles per liter, a biopsy is no longer meaningful since significant fibrosis and hardening of kidney tissue have already occurred. At this point, if it is unclear whether the proteinuria is caused by diabetes or another disease, a kidney biopsy can be considered to diagnose the cause and extent of glomerular damage, and to provide a basis for treatment.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does diabetic nephropathy cause back pain?

Diabetic nephropathy generally does not cause symptoms of back pain. Diabetic nephropathy refers to patients with long-term hyperglycemia, typically those whose blood sugar has been elevated for ten years or more, causing damage to the small blood vessels. The kidneys, being rich in small blood vessels, undergo glomerular sclerosis. Early in the disease, patients experience an increased glomerular filtration rate. As the condition progresses, proteinuria gradually increases. When proteinuria occurs, patients may exhibit noticeable edema, and in some cases, patients may develop severe edema due to substantial proteinuria, leading to serious complications like pulmonary edema and heart failure, which manifest as respiratory difficulties and chest tightness. However, these conditions do not cause back pain, even though there is glomerular sclerosis, as patients do not feel any pain associated with it.