The difference between pyelonephritis and nephritis

Written by Niu Yan Lin
Nephrology
Updated on September 30, 2024
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Pyelonephritis and nephritis are two completely different diseases. Pyelonephritis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc. Treatment generally requires the use of antibiotics. The vast majority of patients can fully recover within two weeks under the treatment of sensitive antibiotics, without any sequelae. On the other hand, nephritis is mostly an autoimmune disease, not an infectious disease caused by pathogens. Therefore, its treatment does not require the use of antibiotics. Treatment usually involves ACE inhibitors or ARB type RUSH blockers, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, cytotoxic drugs, etc., and the course of nephritis is relatively long, with some patients having relatively poor prognosis. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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How is pyelonephritis treated?

Whether it is the treatment of acute pyelonephritis or chronic pyelonephritis, first of all, personal hygiene should be emphasized, physical fitness should be enhanced, water intake should be increased, and urination should be frequent. In addition, for patients with acute pyelonephritis, the main treatment is the use of sensitive antibiotics, which can be either semi-synthetic penicillin or cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics can also be used. For chronic pyelonephritis, if the patient has urinary anatomical or functional abnormalities, such as the presence of urinary stones or urinary obstruction, active surgical treatment can be considered to relieve the obstruction. Furthermore, patients with chronic pyelonephritis who also have hypertension and edema can appropriately use antihypertensive drugs and diuretics to control blood pressure and edema, which can play a role in protecting kidney function. (The use of medications should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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How do you get pyelonephritis?

Pyelonephritis, also known as upper urinary tract infection, is an inflammatory response caused by pathogens; 95% of pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial infections. Most cases involve bacteria from the urethral opening ascending into the urinary system to reach the kidneys, where they proliferate and cause inflammatory symptoms. Normally, there are bacteria present at the human urethral opening. Under normal immune function or absence of factors like significant urinary obstruction, it is unlikely for an upward bacterial infection to occur. However, under certain conditions, this type of infection may happen, prompting an inflammatory response from the pathogens.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is pyelonephritis serious?

Pyelonephritis, also known as an upper urinary tract infection, occurs in the majority of cases when bacteria enter the renal pelvis and calices, causing an inflammatory response. This condition is indeed characterized by severe symptoms and an aggressive onset. Patients may suddenly develop a fever, with temperatures even exceeding 39°C, and experience back pain. Some patients may also exhibit clinical signs such as hematuria. The symptoms are indeed severe, and there is a pronounced systemic inflammatory response, leaving patients feeling listless, dizzy, headachy, and lacking appetite. However, the treatment for this disease generally yields good results. After antibiotic treatment, most patients can gradually see symptom relief within 3 to 5 days, and the condition is mostly curable after 10 to 14 days of medication.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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What causes acute pyelonephritis?

Acute pyelonephritis, also known as an upper urinary tract infection, occurs when certain pathogens enter the urinary system and cause inflammation in areas such as the renal pelvis and calyces. Patients typically exhibit symptoms such as fever, back pain, and may also experience visible blood in the urine. The condition often has a severe onset. The common pathogens causing this type of infection primarily include bacteria, fungi, and viruses, among which the vast majority of cases are caused by bacterial infections. Furthermore, Gram-negative bacilli constitute the majority of these bacteria, with Escherichia coli being the most common.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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How is pyelonephritis caused?

Pyelonephritis can also be referred to as an upper urinary tract infection. It occurs when bacteria proliferate in parts of the kidney such as the renal pelvis and calyces, leading to inflammation. In most cases, these bacteria enter the urinary system retrogradely from the urethral opening and cause inflammation in areas like the renal pelvis and calyces. Normally, bacteria are already present at the urethral opening, and when the body's immune system is functioning well and the urinary system is unobstructed, it is difficult for these bacteria to enter the urinary system and cause an inflammatory response. However, in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those suffering from a cold, diabetes, or those using steroid medications, bacteria may enter the urinary system and replicate in large numbers. Additionally, if there are obstructive factors in the urinary system, such as prostate enlargement in male patients, or if the patient has urinary system stones or tumors, bacteria are more likely to cause an inflammatory response.