What causes cyanosis of the face and lips in sudden cardiac death?

Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
Updated on September 19, 2024
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In patients with cardiogenic sudden death, we can see that their lips turn purple, commonly referred to as cyanosis of the lips. Similarly, their faces also turn purple. This primarily results from cardiac arrest caused by cardiogenic sudden death. Once the heart stops beating, the blood supply to the entire body, including the heart, brain, kidneys, peripheral vessels, face, skin, and fingers, is halted. This leads to a state of hypoxia. The purple discoloration (cyanosis) occurs because, after the heart stops, there is no blood flow and no oxygen exchange in the blood, ultimately leading to hypoxia.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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Will there be any sequelae from cardiogenic sudden death?

So, sudden cardiac death is firstly a sudden event. Whether there are sequelae depends greatly on whether timely rescue was administered at the time of the cardiac arrest. If effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation is given within a short time, generally within 4-6 minutes, then the patient's vital signs including consciousness might gradually recover, and it's possible that no severe sequelae will remain. However, if the rescue is not timely, it's possible for the heartbeat and breathing to be restored but not consciousness, leading to brain death and a vegetative state. This is a possibility.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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What causes cyanosis of the face and lips in sudden cardiac death?

In patients with cardiogenic sudden death, we can see that their lips turn purple, commonly referred to as cyanosis of the lips. Similarly, their faces also turn purple. This primarily results from cardiac arrest caused by cardiogenic sudden death. Once the heart stops beating, the blood supply to the entire body, including the heart, brain, kidneys, peripheral vessels, face, skin, and fingers, is halted. This leads to a state of hypoxia. The purple discoloration (cyanosis) occurs because, after the heart stops, there is no blood flow and no oxygen exchange in the blood, ultimately leading to hypoxia.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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Is sudden cardiac death hereditary?

The majority of sudden cardiac deaths are caused by acute and extensive myocardial infarction, with some caused by malignant arrhythmias. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease has a genetic history. Patients with such a family history, especially those with early-onset heart disease family history—that is, a family history of heart disease before the age of 50—should be given high attention. Heart disease has a genetic predisposition, and since sudden cardiac death is a type of heart disease, it also has a genetic predisposition.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Why does cardiogenic sudden death cause pallor throughout the body?

Sudden cardiac death occurs due to heart thrombosis or heart failure caused by various reasons whereby the heart cannot supply blood, leading to death. Most people experience hypotensive shock, insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the body before dying, thus appearing pale, with low blood pressure, and even cyanosis, with cessation of breathing and heartbeat. Some individuals suffer from heart thrombus dislodging into the brain, causing cerebral arterial infarction. Such extensive cerebral infarctions can also lead to the cessation of heartbeat, resulting in insufficient blood and oxygen supply throughout the body, manifesting as pallor and cyanosis.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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The difference between sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction.

Sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction are both types of coronary heart disease; they are classified under coronary heart disease. Sudden cardiac death is mostly caused by extensive myocardial infarction, with some patients experiencing it due to severe arrhythmias leading to sudden death. The primary clinical symptoms of myocardial infarction are typically those of coronary heart disease, including chest tightness, chest pain, and sweating. Sudden cardiac death can be triggered by myocardial infarction, but the two are not the same. Having a myocardial infarction does not necessarily result in sudden death, and myocardial infarction can be alleviated with treatment.