What does sudden cardiac death mean?

Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
Updated on September 17, 2024
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Sudden cardiac death refers to the sudden mortality caused by heart diseases, and the reasons for sudden cardiac death primarily include the following aspects:

First, structural heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction; acute myocardial infarction is currently the most common cause of sudden cardiac death.

Second, certain ion channel diseases, such as Brugada syndrome, or long QT syndrome. These types of ion channel diseases often coincide with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, such as torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, thus leading to the occurrence of these fatal phenomena.

Third, severe arrhythmias, such as severe bradycardia or ventricular tachycardia related to structural heart disease, often trigger malignant ventricular arrhythmias, leading to death.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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What tests are needed to prevent sudden cardiac death?

To prevent cardiogenic sudden death, the following examinations are needed: First, echocardiography, which can preliminarily determine if there are any organic heart diseases, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, or heart valve diseases. These heart conditions are significant causes of cardiogenic sudden death; Second, undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can determine if there is an acute myocardial infarction, another significant cause of cardiogenic sudden death. Additionally, a Holter monitor test should be conducted to observe any serious arrhythmias within a 24-hour period; Third, blood tests, such as tests for cardiac enzymes and troponin. If there is a significant increase in cardiac enzymes and troponin, it is important to be vigilant about the possibility of an acute myocardial infarction. Also, blood tests for electrolytes should be done to detect any severe electrolyte imbalances, which are also significant triggers for cardiogenic sudden death.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Does sudden cardiac death have a relationship with hypertension?

Sudden cardiac death and hypertension are related, with the most common cause of sudden cardiac death being acute myocardial infarction, which leads to malignant arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, resulting in sudden cardiac death. In addition, severe aortic dissection can also cause sudden cardiac death, and hypertension is often an important cause of coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. Long-term hypertension can lead to the occurrence of arteriosclerosis, resulting in the formation of arterial plaques or aneurysms, such as those occurring in the coronary arteries, causing coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, or in the aorta, often leading to the formation of aortic aneurysms. When an aortic aneurysm ruptures, it can cause aortic dissection.

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Written by Xie Zhi Hong
Cardiology
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Why does cardiogenic sudden death cause pallor throughout the body?

Sudden cardiac death occurs due to heart thrombosis or heart failure caused by various reasons whereby the heart cannot supply blood, leading to death. Most people experience hypotensive shock, insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the body before dying, thus appearing pale, with low blood pressure, and even cyanosis, with cessation of breathing and heartbeat. Some individuals suffer from heart thrombus dislodging into the brain, causing cerebral arterial infarction. Such extensive cerebral infarctions can also lead to the cessation of heartbeat, resulting in insufficient blood and oxygen supply throughout the body, manifesting as pallor and cyanosis.

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Written by Chen Guang Yin
Cardiology
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How to rescue sudden cardiac death from cardiogenic heart disease?

Firstly, the rescue approach for cardiogenic sudden death is the same regardless of the cause, whether it is rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, malignant arrhythmia, or any other reason. If cardiogenic sudden death occurs, the rescue method is the same, which is to urgently perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR includes chest compressions of at least 100 per minute, and these must be effectively carried out. Secondly, artificial respiration must be performed, at about fourteen to fifteen times per minute. These two measures are the primary measures in the rescue of cardiogenic sudden death caused by rheumatic heart disease.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Can sudden cardiac death be hereditary?

Sudden cardiac death has genetic characteristics, and common causes of sudden cardiac death mainly include the following aspects: Coronary heart disease, angina, and myocardial infarction, especially acute myocardial infarction, often lead to sudden death in patients; Secondly, long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome are also common diseases causing sudden cardiac death and have genetic characteristics as hereditary arrhythmogenic disorders; Thirdly, aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism. These diseases are usually not highly related to genetics but can also cause sudden cardiac death, hence sudden cardiac death is genetic.