Hydronephrosis is merely a consequence of urinary system diseases, indicating that the urine produced by the kidneys cannot be normally transported through the ureter to the bladder due to narrowing, adhesion, scarring, or obstruction somewhere. This causes the urine to accumulate in the renal pelvis and calyces. Therefore, the treatment of this disease requires identifying the cause, and then selecting a surgical treatment plan based on the situation. For instance, urinary system stones can cause hydronephrosis, and patients might need extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or open surgery for stone removal. Tumors in the urinary system can lead to hydronephrosis, and prostate hyperplasia can also cause similar symptoms, necessitating open surgery to resolve the obstruction. Some patients have congenital abnormalities, adhesions, or scars in the ureter, which might require surgical corrections of the ureter.