How is hydronephrosis caused?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 25, 2024
00:00
00:00

The causes of hydronephrosis can be divided into congenital, acquired, and external factors. Among these, acquired causes are the most common, primarily referring to obstructions in the urinary tract, such as stones that block the ureter, leading to hydronephrosis, inflammation, or ischemic damage. Scarring of the ureter can also result in hydronephrosis. Tumors or polyps in the renal pelvis and ureter may also cause obstructions leading to fluid accumulation. External causes mainly include diseases of retroperitoneal organs, such as abscesses, bleeding, tumors in the retroperitoneum, and pelvic tumors, like rectal cancer. Congenital causes mainly involve intrinsic narrowing of the ureter, ectopic vessels causing compression, and high insertion of the ureter, which are less common.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
58sec home-news-image

Is hydronephrosis of both kidneys serious?

Clinically, bilateral hydronephrosis is serious, as it can lead to expansion of the renal pelvis. Long-term bilateral hydronephrosis can compress the renal parenchyma, leading to the development of chronic obstructive nephropathy, and thus cause chronic renal failure. Additionally, because urine cannot be expelled from the body in a timely manner in bilateral hydronephrosis, it is easy to combine with bacterial infections, which can lead to acute pyelonephritis. Patients may experience chills, fever, and severe back pain, as well as hematuria and general fatigue. Therefore, it is essential to identify the cause of bilateral hydronephrosis and treat it based on the nature of the hydronephrosis. Usually, the causes of bilateral hydronephrosis are related to stones, but tumorous diseases, bladder stones, or urethral strictures are also common causes.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Chen Feng
Urology
1min 13sec home-news-image

How to relieve nausea caused by hydronephrosis?

Hydronephrosis with nausea can be caused by various reasons, so alleviating nausea symptoms requires specific analysis based on the specific cause. Patients with hydronephrosis often seen in hospital beds are mostly those with ureteral stones. When the stone is lodged in the ureter, the patient will experience an obstruction of urine outflow, leading to hydronephrosis. Moreover, a stone stuck in the ureter can cause renal colic, manifested as back pain, and may also be accompanied by symptoms of nausea and vomiting. In such cases, treatment methods depend on the size of the stone; if the stone is relatively small, it can often be passed naturally with increased water intake and conservative treatment. If the stone is large, it generally requires surgical removal. Hydronephrosis can also result from prolonged obstruction leading to impaired kidney function and uremia. In these situations, it's usually necessary to promptly relieve the urinary obstruction, maintain urethral patency, and, if the patient has elevated blood creatinine levels, employ dialysis or other methods to bring creatinine back to reasonable levels.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
47sec home-news-image

Does hydronephrosis hurt a lot?

Hydronephrosis does not necessarily cause severe pain. If the hydronephrosis develops suddenly over a short period, it might cause intense pain, most commonly due to urinary system stones blocking the ureter, leading to hydronephrosis. At this time, the ureter may experience spasms, causing severe pain. However, if the hydronephrosis develops gradually, the patient's pain symptoms might not be pronounced. For example, insufficient motility of the ureter or some type of narrowing could lead to the accumulation of fluid. If this condition develops slowly and persists for a long time, the patient might not feel particularly uncomfortable, despite the hydronephrosis, and it may only be discovered incidentally during a physical examination.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
58sec home-news-image

Is hydronephrosis with hematuria serious?

Whether hematuria in patients with hydronephrosis is serious cannot actually be determined by the amount of blood in the urine. It is important to identify the cause and assess kidney function, because hydronephrosis can lead to serious consequences, mainly kidney failure. If the hydronephrosis persists for a long time, it can compress the renal cortex and cause kidney shrinkage, leading to chronic kidney failure. The dangers of hematuria mainly include: first, it may cause significant bleeding, leading to anemia. Second, this type of hematuria could be caused by certain conditions, such as bleeding caused by a tumor in the urinary system, which is quite serious. Whereas bleeding caused by urinary tract infections or urinary system stones, in terms of the nature of the cause, is not considered very serious. However, significant bleeding can also lead to severe anemia and even shock, which would be more serious.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
57sec home-news-image

What is hydronephrosis?

The so-called hydronephrosis is a morphological description, referring to an obstruction in the urinary system caused by various reasons. After the kidneys produce urine, it cannot be normally delivered to the bladder. This leads to fluid accumulation in the renal pelvis and calyces, which can be detected through imaging as hydronephrosis. The causes of hydronephrosis are numerous. The most common cause is acquired obstruction, primarily due to urinary system stones, scarring from injuries, or tumors in the urinary system compressing the ureter, which often results in urinary tract obstruction. In addition, some congenital causes can also lead to urinary tract obstruction. Examples include segmental dysfunction of the ureter, intrinsic stenosis of the ureter, and twisting of the ureter. However, these congenital obstruction causes are relatively rare.