Symptoms of recurrent rheumatic fever

Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
Updated on September 19, 2024
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Symptoms of recurrent rheumatic fever in the early stages may include fever and sore throat, similar to streptococcal infections. Later, patients may experience joint pain, some may develop ring-shaped erythema on the skin, and others may develop subcutaneous nodules. Severe cases may even exhibit symptoms such as carditis and chorea. If a previous rheumatic fever patient shows these symptoms, the possibility of recurrence should be considered. Treatment involves using antibiotics to eliminate streptococcal infections. Additionally, anti-inflammatory pain relievers should be used to manage joint pain. In severe cases, such as those with cardiac inflammation, corticosteroids may also be considered. (Please use medication under the guidance of a physician.)

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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What foods should not be eaten with rheumatic fever?

Patients with rheumatoid fever should avoid the following three major categories of foods: The first category is vegetables, such as celery, coriander, leeks, seaweed, and mushrooms, which should be consumed in moderation. The second category includes meats like lamb, beef, and dog meat, which are very warming and nourishing and should be reduced in consumption. The third category includes seafood such as shrimp, crab, and sea cucumber, which are high in protein and should also be avoided. For patients with rheumatism, the general dietary principle is to follow a light diet, avoid spicy and dry-heat foods, and reduce greasy foods. For patients with rheumatic fever, it is particularly important during the acute phase to rest and avoid catching colds and infections.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Symptoms and Treatment of Rheumatic Fever

Patients with rheumatism often experience symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections in the early stages of the disease, such as fever and sore throat. Additionally, patients with rheumatism commonly exhibit migratory joint pain, primarily characterized by acute onset of redness, swelling, heat, pain, and limited mobility in the joints, but these can improve on their own. Patients with rheumatic fever often also suffer from carditis, which can include valvulitis, myocarditis, and pericarditis, with damage to the valves being the most common. Rheumatic fever may also present with ring-shaped erythema on the skin or subcutaneous nodules, and it can include chorea. The most common treatment for rheumatic fever is the intramuscular injection of penicillin. (Specific medication use should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Difference between Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatoid Arthritis

The key difference between rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis primarily lies in the fact that patients with rheumatic fever, besides exhibiting symptoms such as joint pain, also develop cardiac and dermatological manifestations. Patients with rheumatic fever may experience mitral stenosis and symptoms like erythema on the skin. Moreover, the examination of antibodies in rheumatic fever patients mainly shows an elevation in anti-streptolysin O antibody. In contrast, patients with rheumatoid arthritis typically display elevated rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies, and anti-AKA antibodies, and they seldom have skin or cardiac manifestations. Therefore, to differentiate rheumatic fever from rheumatoid arthritis, one can test for anti-streptolysin O and rheumatoid factor, and further conduct an echocardiogram to determine any cardiac involvement.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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What tests are needed for rheumatic fever?

The examinations for rheumatic fever include laboratory tests and electrocardiograms, as well as imaging studies. Laboratory tests include indicators of streptococcal infection, commonly using throat swab bacterial cultures, which have a positivity rate of about 20% to 25%. They also include anti-streptolysin O tests, generally considered positive if the titer is above 1:400. Secondly, the tests include those for acute inflammatory response, common markers of which are elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Electrocardiograms help in detecting various arrhythmias, such as sinus tachycardia and prolonged PR interval. Echocardiography can be used to detect any abnormalities in the mitral valve of the heart.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
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Can you soak your feet if you have rheumatic fever?

Patients with rheumatic fever can relieve some joint pain by soaking their feet, but this does not fundamentally solve the problem. Rheumatic fever is often caused by streptococcal infection, which leads to diseases such as arthritis. Therefore, antibiotics should be used at the source to eliminate streptococcal infection and hence prevent the recurrence of rheumatism. Additionally, we can use anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs to control joint pain. Commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesics include non-steroidal pain relievers, such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets. If there is inflammation in the heart due to rheumatic fever, corticosteroid treatment should be considered. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)