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IgA nephropathy
IgA nephropathy stages 1, 2, 3 criteria
According to the standards of the World Health Organization, IgA nephropathy is classified into five stages pathologically. The first stage is where most glomeruli appear normal under light microscopy, with only minor mesangial proliferation or associated cellular proliferation, generally showing slight changes without damage to the tubules and interstitium; The second stage indicates mild lesions where over fifty percent of the glomeruli are normal, with only a small portion of the glomeruli showing mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular sclerosis adhesion, and other changes, without the formation of crescents; The third stage is focal segmental glomerulonephritis, characterized by diffuse proliferation of mesangial cells and widening of the mesangial areas, with the lesions exhibiting focal segmental changes and comparatively mild interstitial lesions.
How is IgA nephropathy diagnosed?
The diagnosis of IgA nephropathy relies on pathological examination. The name "IgA nephropathy" itself is a term used in immunopathological diagnosis, describing a type of chronic glomerulonephritis. There are many reasons that can cause inflammatory reactions in the kidneys, and the underlying mechanisms of the disease vary. Specifically, IgA nephropathy refers to the abnormal deposition of IgA immune complexes in the mesangial areas of the glomeruli. Therefore, a pathological examination is necessary for diagnosis. Typically, under a light microscope, proliferation of mesangial cells and widening of the mesangial areas can be observed. Additionally, immunofluorescence testing is conducted to detect a large presence of IgA immune complexes in the glomerular mesangial areas, confirming the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.
How to treat occult blood in IgA nephropathy
IGA disease is a pathological type of chronic glomerulonephritis. This type of glomerular lesion often leads to positive occult blood in urine, and in some cases, may even cause gross hematuria visible to the naked eye. However, the relationship between hematuria and the severity or prognosis of the patient's condition is not very clear, so clinically, hematuria is not considered as a treatment target. Generally, during the active phase of the disease, patients can be treated with corticosteroids and other medications, especially those with more than 1g of protein in a 24-hour urine collection. Otherwise, most patients choose ACE inhibitors or ARBs as antihypertensive drugs to reduce the pressure inside the glomerulus. Additionally, avoiding colds can also help reduce occult blood in urine. (Specific medications should be administered under the guidance of a physician)
Kidney disease IgA means IgA nephropathy.
Kidney disease IgA, formally known as IgA nephropathy, is an immunological diagnostic term for chronic glomerulonephritis. It is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes, primarily IgA, in the mesangial areas of the glomeruli. IgA is a type of immunoglobulin, which upon deposition in the kidneys induces inflammatory responses, leading to proliferation of mesangial cells, accumulation of mesangial matrix, and widening of the mesangial area. This can cause damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, manifesting as proteinuria and hematuria. Some patients may also develop crescent formations in the glomeruli, leading to renal failure.
IgA nephropathy is a kidney disease.
In medical terms, there is a condition named IgA nephropathy. IgA is actually a type of immunoglobulin. The function of immunoglobulins is to bind with antigens, which then induces an inflammatory response. For example, when bacteria enter the human body, the combination of IgA with the bacteria guides the body's immune system to target and attack the bacteria, which is a normal scenario. This IgA immunoglobulin acts as a mediator in the immune response. Due to some defect, this substance accumulates in the glomeruli. Its deposition in the glomerular capillaries can trigger inflammation in these blood vessels, leading to IgA nephropathy. This results in proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells, deposition in the mesangial matrix, causing blood and protein in the urine, and even leading to renal failure.
What will happen if someone with IgA nephropathy stays up late?
IgA nephropathy is a very common glomerular disease in clinical settings and is one of the main causes of uremia. IgA nephropathy is most commonly seen in adolescents, particularly in males. The cause of IgA nephropathy is currently unclear, but the clinical manifestations of patients with IgA nephropathy are numerous and vary in severity. For patients with milder IgA nephropathy, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid staying up late, overworking, and infections. Frequently staying up late can aggravate the condition, leading to significant proteinuria and even worsening kidney function. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with IgA nephropathy to regularly monitor their urinalysis, kidney function, and blood pressure, maintain a regular lifestyle, and avoid various adverse lifestyle impacts. Of course, once the condition worsens, it is important to seek medical attention promptly and pursue active treatment.
IgA nephropathy manifestations
IgA nephropathy is a pathological type of chronic glomerulonephritis. The clinical manifestations of this disease are diverse, with the typical clinical presentation of IgA nephropathy being hematuria, especially visible hematuria following a cold. However, patients may also exhibit other features, such as significant amounts of urinary protein. In some cases, this can reach the level of 3.5g in a 24-hour urine protein quantification. Patients may experience edema, such as swelling in the lower limbs, eyelids, etc. There could also be clinical presentations of high blood pressure, rapid progression of renal failure, and other symptoms.
IgA kidney disease symptoms
The clinical manifestations of IgA nephropathy are diverse. The most common clinical manifestations include episodic gross hematuria, asymptomatic hematuria, and proteinuria. Episodic gross hematuria often occurs several hours after an upper respiratory tract infection, or a day or two later. Patients may notice that their urine is dark tea-colored, brown, or fresh red, light red, and this type of gross hematuria tends to recur. The second type is asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, with or without proteinuria, also known as asymptomatic urinalysis. This is often discovered during physical examinations when patients show no symptoms and tests reveal hidden blood and protein positivity in the urine. The third major category is proteinuria, which in some patients may present as nephrotic syndrome-like proteinuria. The fourth is hypertension; the fifth, acute kidney injury; and the sixth, chronic kidney failure. Most patients with IgA nephropathy gradually progress to chronic kidney failure within 10 to 20 years of diagnosis.
IgA kidney disease symptoms
IgA nephropathy is characterized by the deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangial regions and is a common type of glomerulonephritis. It is also a major cause of uremia. IgA nephropathy typically affects adolescents. Once diagnosed, patients primarily experience recurrent macroscopic hematuria, especially after skin infections or respiratory infections, during which blood in the urine becomes more apparent. Of course, there can also be asymptomatic hematuria and increased urinary protein. Some patients with IgA nephropathy may also experience edema, particularly in the eyelids and facial area upon waking up in the morning, and in severe cases, there may be an increase in blood pressure and a decline in kidney function. It is essential for patients with IgA nephropathy to have regular follow-ups to monitor changes in routine urine tests, kidney function, and blood pressure, and to seek active treatment if the condition worsens.
Can IgA nephropathy patients eat watermelon?
IgA nephropathy is a chronic glomerulonephritis with varying degrees of severity and diverse clinical manifestations. Whether patients can eat watermelon depends on their kidney function and the presence of edema symptoms. If patients have kidney failure and noticeable edema, it is advised that they avoid eating watermelon, as it contains a significant amount of potassium ions. Consuming watermelon may lead to hyperkalemia due to the intake of large amounts of potassium ions. The main component of watermelon is water, and if patients have noticeable symptoms of edema, eating watermelon may exacerbate these symptoms and even cause issues like hypertension. If patients do not have noticeable edema and their kidney function is normal, eating small amounts of watermelon should not be a major concern.