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Colon cancer
Difference between colon polyps and colon cancer
Colon polyps and colon cancer both belong to organic tumors of the colon mucosa, but the fundamental difference is that colon polyps are mostly benign, while colon cancer is a malignant cancer of the intestines. Both colon cancer and colon polyps require examination by electronic colonoscopy for a definitive diagnosis, and further pathological examination is needed. After the detection of colon polyps, it is necessary to promptly perform radiofrequency ablation surgery under electronic colonoscopy. After the detection of colon cancer, it is necessary to complete relevant pelvic and systemic examinations, and after clarifying the local lesions, surgical removal is performed. Postoperatively, based on the size of the cancerous mass and the extent of the lesion, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be required.
Colon cancer surgical methods
The surgical approach for colon cancer should be tailored based on the specific circumstances of the patient, involving a rational, comprehensive treatment strategy. The surgical principle is that early-stage cancers should undergo curative resection, while more advanced cancers should be treated with radical surgery or extended radical surgery. Once the treatment plan is determined, the choice of surgical methods should be made comprehensively based on the patient's specific conditions. For example, in the surgery of rectal cancer in the middle and lower segments, it should be considered whether to preserve the anus or perform abdominoperineal resection based on the tumor's biological characteristics, patient's age, overall health, and any concurrent diseases. It is not that there is one fixed type of surgery; the approach should be specifically tailored based on the detailed analysis of the issues at hand.
What should not be eaten with transverse colon cancer?
Transverse colon cancer is a type of colon cancer. Generally speaking, in terms of diet, one should not eat spicy, stimulating, or hard-to-digest foods, such as overly spicy food, hot pot, smoked, grilled, or pickled foods. It is best to avoid these, as well as alcohol and tobacco. Because transverse colon cancer can lead to intestinal blockage as the tumor grows, consuming spicy, stimulating, or indigestible foods, or overeating and causing indigestion, can lead to intestinal obstruction. This is a relatively high risk, and typically, once transverse colon cancer is diagnosed, consideration should begin for primarily curative surgery.
Can a colonoscopy detect colon and rectal cancer?
Colonoscopy can detect colon and rectal cancers. By conducting a colonoscopy, it can be determined whether a space-occupying lesion is in the colon or the rectum. In the workplace, it can also confirm the distance from the anus in centimeters, to guide the next steps of surgical treatment. If a colon or rectal tumor is found during colonoscopy, a pathological biopsy may be needed. Combined with the pathological biopsy, a diagnosis can be made whether the patient has colon cancer or rectal cancer. At the same time, colonoscopy can also detect other diseases, such as colon polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease of the colon, and so on.
Differentiation between Colon Polyps and Colon Cancer
The most distinct diagnostic criteria between colon polyps and colon cancer are that colon polyps are benign lesions, whereas colon cancer is a malignant tumor of the intestines. Colon polyps are generally small in size or present as multiple polyps, with localized mucosal elevation. They may appear the size of mung beans or be pedunculated, and may be accompanied by mild abdominal pain, generally without blood in the stool. In contrast, during the onset of colon cancer, there is usually abdominal pain accompanied by bloody stools. In the later or advanced stages of colon cancer, after the tumor ruptures, it may also lead to severe gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as overall bodily wasting and anemia. The prognosis for colon polyps is relatively good; regular follow-up checks are sufficient. However, for colon cancer, if detected early, surgical removal can be an option. The survival rate in the middle and late stages is lower than in the early stage, and treatment may require a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Is colon cancer surgery a major surgery?
Colon cancer surgery is considered a relatively major procedure, ranking as a class three or four surgery in general surgery. Generally, it involves the resection of the entire transverse colon or tumors located in other areas such as the ascending or descending colon, accompanied by the removal of surrounding lymph nodes, followed by intestinal anastomosis and digestive tract reconstruction. Post-surgery, comprehensive anti-tumor treatment is usually required. After colon cancer surgery, the main focus is on preventing intestinal leakage, which is a serious complication. Dietary intake needs to be gradually restored after surgery. Initially, the patient may only be able to consume liquid and easily digestible foods, gradually transitioning to semi-liquid and regular diets, while also paying attention to eating smaller, more frequent meals.
How to defecate after transverse colon cancer surgery
If transverse colon cancer is treated with curative resection surgery and no stoma creation, the anus is preserved, and defecation occurs through the original anus. If a colostomy is performed after surgery for transverse colon cancer, defecation occurs through an artificial anus, typically located in the lower left abdomen. There can be opportunities to reverse the stoma later if necessary. Even with a stoma, patients can gradually adapt. The main focus is always on completely removing the tumor. Generally, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is also used to control the condition.
The most common symptoms of transverse colon cancer
The most common symptoms of transverse colon cancer mainly include abdominal pain, bloody stools, and changes in stool characteristics, such as thinner stools, which can sometimes lead to severe symptoms of intestinal obstruction. After these symptoms appear in transverse colon cancer, it is advisable to undergo a colonoscopy as soon as possible. Pathology obtained through the colonoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Once transverse colon cancer is confirmed, it is also necessary to check for metastases to other parts of the body. For non-metastasized cases, early surgical treatment should be carried out, including a radical surgery for transverse colon cancer with lymph node dissection. Postoperative comprehensive anti-tumor treatment is generally required, involving six to eight courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy aims to prevent local recurrence and distant metastasis.
What to do about liver metastasis from transverse colon cancer?
Liver metastasis in transverse colon cancer is relatively common, especially in cases where the disease has progressed. Because the transverse colon is located close to the liver region, tumors in this area can potentially metastasize to the liver via the lymphatic or blood circulation, or through local infiltration. In cases where the liver metastasis is localized, there is still an opportunity for surgical treatment involving a radical resection of the transverse colon cancer combined with partial hepatectomy. If there are multiple metastases in the liver, radical surgery may not be feasible. Initially, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapy is performed. If the liver metastatic lesions can be reduced or disappear, there may still be a chance for surgical treatment afterwards.
Is lower right abdominal pain colon cancer?
Pain in the lower right abdomen does not necessarily indicate colon cancer, as there are many possible causes of this pain. Common conditions include acute or chronic appendicitis, gynecological diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, torsion of a right ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, and others. Additionally, urological issues like a stone in the lower part of the right ureter can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen, which are again not indicative of colon cancer. Gastrointestinal diseases like Crohn's disease often lead to pain in the lower right abdomen. Of course, tumors in the ileocecal area or ascending colon can also cause such pain. Hence, while lower right abdominal pain is not necessarily due to colon cancer, in rare cases, it could be.