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Atrial septal defect
Can atrial septal defect of the patent foramen ovale type heal itself?
This disease is a congenital heart disease, and it is recommended that the patient undergo a cardiac echocardiography. If symptoms such as palpitations and chest tightness occur, and distinct murmurs can be heard in the precordial area, surgical treatment is sometimes advised. After all, an atrial septal defect can lead to certain conditions, especially in children who are prone to pediatric pneumonia or bronchitis, which can affect their growth and development. Currently, surgical treatment is the main approach. If the issue is not very serious, the defect might heal on its own as the child grows, but this possibility is relatively small. In most cases, surgery is recommended.
Does an asymptomatic atrial septal defect require treatment?
If the patient has a ventricular septal defect and shows no obvious symptoms, it is possible to initially observe the condition. Firstly, this is a type of congenital heart disease, and it is recommended that the patient undergo a cardiac echocardiography to further confirm the diagnosis. If the defect is relatively large, surgery might sometimes be recommended. If the defect is not very large and the patient shows no obvious symptoms, there might be no need for immediate intervention, and regular monitoring would suffice. During this period, it is still important to monitor changes in the patient's blood pressure and heart rate. If the heart rate is too fast or the blood pressure is high, it might sometimes be necessary to actively treat these issues, possibly using medication to improve symptoms. In terms of treatment, surgery is generally advised as the main approach since medication often does not yield very effective results for this condition.
Does ventricular septal defect affect growth and development?
Because atrial septal defect is a type of congenital heart disease, if the patient's congenital heart disease is very severe, surgical treatment is needed. Atrial septal defect does have some impact on growth and development, as congenital heart disease can cause infections or pulmonary inflammation in patients, which can lead to developmental delays in children. Personally, I recommend that if it is a type of congenital heart disease, especially atrial septal defect, it is better to have surgery early, as this can avoid impacting growth and development. After the surgery, there are no sequelae, and it does not affect growth and development. However, not undergoing surgery can impact growth and development.
What should be paid attention to daily with an atrial septal defect?
If the patient has an atrial septal defect, it is advised that the patient should adhere to a light diet and regularly visit the hospital for electrocardiogram and echocardiography checks. If the defect is relatively large, I personally recommend surgical treatment for the patient, as it can effectively alleviate the current condition. After all, while drug treatment has some effect, there is a risk of recurrence. Surgery can permanently treat atrial septal defects and improve the patient’s symptoms. If the patient experiences difficulty breathing, this needs to be addressed. Additionally, it is important to keep warm, avoid catching cold, and monitor changes in the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse.
Atrial septal defect can cause which complications?
Small atrial septal defects generally are asymptomatic, whereas medium to large atrial septal defects may result in pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. The impact of an atrial septal defect on hemodynamics mainly depends on the amount of shunting, which in turn is determined by the size of the defect. It also relates to the compliance of the left and right ventricles and the relative resistance of the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Continued increase in pulmonary blood flow leads to pulmonary congestion, increasing right heart volume load. Pulmonary vascular compliance decreases, evolving from functional to organic pulmonary hypertension. This in turn continuously increases right heart system pressure until it surpasses the pressure of the left heart system, causing the original left-to-right shunt to reverse to a right-to-left shunt, leading to cyanosis. Atrial septal defects are generally asymptomatic but with the progression of the condition, symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, arrhythmias, and right heart failure may occur. In the advanced stages, about 15% of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension exhibit a right-to-left shunt and cyanosis, leading to the formation of Eisenmenger syndrome.
Can people with atrial septal defect go to the plateau?
A mild atrial septal defect, such as one smaller than 3mm, allows for a normal life without any impact. In fact, some people only discover this condition during medical exams in their seventies or eighties. Therefore, it is safe for these individuals to travel to high altitudes. However, a larger atrial septal defect often causes symptoms like tightness in the chest, palpitations, and difficulty breathing after hypoxia or intense exercise. These patients have poorer compensatory abilities and are advised against going to high altitudes to avoid high altitude sickness. If such patients need to go to high altitude, it is recommended that they consider surgery before doing so.
Can someone with an atrial septal defect go swimming?
Atrial septal defect is not uncommon in our daily lives. Many patients with atrial septal defects often ask their doctor if they can swim. This has to be analyzed based on specific circumstances. If the atrial septal defect is not severe, and it's just a minor atrial septal defect, generally it does not affect the patient's daily activities, such as swimming or running. However, if the atrial septal defect is severe, especially if it has led to heart failure and heart enlargement, in this situation, one should definitely not engage in strenuous activities such as swimming or running.
Is atrial septal defect common?
Atrial septal defect accounts for about 20%-30% of all congenital heart diseases and is more common in females. Many cases are mild in children and are not discovered until adulthood. Atrial septal defects can be classified based on anatomical abnormalities into patent foramen ovale, primary atrial septal defect, and secondary atrial septal defect. A patent foramen ovale generally does not cause shunting between the two atria. A primary atrial septal defect is located at the lower part of the atrial septum, is semicircular in shape, and is often larger, frequently associated with malformation of the mitral or tricuspid valves resulting in regurgitation. A secondary atrial septal defect is situated in the middle of the atrial septum at the fossa ovalis or near the superior and inferior vena cava. The symptoms of an atrial septal defect vary with the size of the defect; minor cases may be asymptomatic, while severe cases can result in heart failure.
Can atrial septal defect heal by itself?
Atrial septal defect is a relatively common congenital heart disease in infants and toddlers. It is indeed possible for a child's atrial septal defect to close on its own. Some atrial septal defects can close as the child grows. Depending on the severity, atrial septal defects can be categorized into small defects. Generally, if the defect is less than 5 millimeters, it is possible for the defect to close as the child develops. If it has not closed by the age of two, it generally will not close on its own thereafter.
What are the symptoms of an atrial septal defect?
Atrial septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease in adults, accounting for 20%-30% of adult congenital heart diseases, with a higher incidence in females than males, with a male to female ratio of about 1:1.5-3. There is also a familial tendency. Apart from larger defects, children with atrial septal defects generally show no symptoms. As they age, symptoms gradually appear, with exertional dyspnea being the main symptom, followed by supraventricular arrhythmias, especially atrial flutter and fibrillation, which exacerbate the symptoms. Some patients may develop right heart failure due to excessive right ventricular volume load. In the late stages, about 15% of patients develop severe pulmonary hypertension, resulting in a right-to-left shunt and cyanosis.