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Hu Qi Feng
Pediatrics
About me
Since graduating in 2003, I have been working in pediatric clinical practice and have extensive experience in this field. In 2012, I completed a training program in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at the Children's Hospital in Hunan Province, focusing on respiratory management and mechanical ventilation for critically ill children, as well as the treatment of septic shock.
Proficient in diseases
Specializing in pediatric critical care, dedicated to rescuing and treating children with critical conditions such as respiratory failure, heart failure, shock, poisoning, etc., and has been involved in the treatment of severe cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease multiple times.
Voices
What position should be adopted when Tetralogy of Fallot is hypoxic?
Treatment of hypoxic episodes in Tetralogy of Fallot: For mild cases, assuming the knee-chest position can alleviate symptoms. Severe cases require immediate oxygen administration and relevant drug therapy. Routinely, it is important to actively eliminate factors that trigger hypoxic episodes, such as anemia and infections, and maintain the child's tranquility. If the above treatments do not effectively control the episodes, emergency surgical intervention for repair or definitive treatment should be considered.
Symptoms of newborn enteritis
Neonatal enteritis can present with diarrhea and bloody stools, initially as watery stools, and in severe cases, may appear as bloody stools, resembling fresh blood, jam-like consistency, and black feces. The affected infants often exhibit vomiting, with the vomitus appearing coffee-colored or containing bile. Neonatal enteritis can also present with abdominal distension, or reduced bowel sounds, initially characterized by delayed gastric emptying and gastric retention, followed by abdominal bloating. In severe cases, the abdomen may become drum-like with diminished or even absent bowel sounds. Enteritis may also be accompanied by systemic symptoms, often presenting as poor responsiveness, lethargy, refusal to eat, and in severe cases, pale or grayish complexion, cold limbs, shock, acidosis, and worsening jaundice.
Management of Hypoxic Episodes in Children with Tetralogy of Fallot
In the treatment of hypoxic episodes in children with Tetralogy of Fallot, mild cases can be alleviated by positioning the child in a knee-chest position, while severe cases should receive immediate oxygen therapy, along with appropriate medication to correct acidosis. It is important to regularly eliminate factors that may trigger hypoxic episodes, such as anemia and infections, and to maintain a calm environment for the child. If these measures do not effectively control the episodes, emergency surgical repair should be considered.
How is phenylketonuria diagnosed?
Phenylketonuria screening is routinely conducted in China for all newborns. This involves pricking the heel to collect peripheral blood, which is then dropped on specialized filter paper and dried. The samples are sent to a screening laboratory for the measurement of phenylalanine concentration. If the concentration exceeds the threshold, further testing for phenylalanine is conducted. Normally, the concentration should be less than 120 micromoles per liter. Additionally, an analysis of the urinary purine profile can be performed.
Mechanism of phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria is characterized by reduced activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase, which fails to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, causing extremely elevated levels of phenylalanine in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues. This leads to the production of large amounts of phenylpyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenyllactic acid, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid via alternative pathways. High concentrations of phenylalanine and its metabolic products can cause brain damage, which manifests as developmental intellectual disabilities, changes in skin and hair pigmentation, and a mousy urine odor, all part of a clinical syndrome.
How to treat intussusception in children?
Intussusception is a life-threatening emergency that requires urgent reduction once diagnosed. Reduction methods include non-surgical and surgical therapies. Within forty-eight hours of intussusception, if the overall condition is good, there is no abdominal distension, and no significant dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, reduction can be attempted under ultrasound guidance using hydrostatic enema, air enema, or barium enema. If the intussusception has lasted beyond forty-eight to seventy-two hours, or if there is severe abdominal distention, intestinal necrosis, or perforation, surgical treatment is necessary.
Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia in babies
Any age can develop the disease, but it is most commonly seen between six months and two years old, with a relatively slow onset. Generally, there is a gradual pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, most notably in the eyes, lips, oral mucosa, and nail beds. Affected children tend to be fatigued and less active, and older children may experience symptoms such as dizziness and darkening before the eyes. Physical examination may reveal enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; the more severe the anemia, the more pronounced the enlargement. Anemia can lead to a decreased appetite, and in some cases, pica, such as a craving to eat non-food items like soil or walls, may occur. Symptoms may also include vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, and stomatitis. There is a general listlessness, lack of concentration, impaired memory, and intelligence that may be lower than peers of the same age. Iron deficiency anemia can also lead to decreased cellular immune function, making infections more likely.
The pathogenesis of phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria is an amino acid metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid for the human body, and it is partially converted into tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase. Due to the reduced activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase, phenylalanine cannot be transformed into tyrosine. This leads to extremely high concentrations of phenylalanine in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues. Through alternative metabolic pathways, large amounts of phenylpyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenyllactic acid, and others are produced. High concentrations of phenylalanine and its metabolic products can cause brain damage.
Tetralogy of Fallot Emergency Measures
Generally, one should often drink water to prevent infection, prevent dehydration and complications. Infants and young children should be especially careful in their care, to avoid episodes of paroxysmal hypoxia. In mild cases of hypoxic episodes, placing them in a knee-chest position can alleviate the symptoms. In severe cases, oxygen should be administered immediately, along with the appropriate drug treatment. If the episodes cannot be effectively controlled with medication, emergency surgical intervention may be necessary. With the continuous improvement in surgical techniques this year, the mortality rate for curative surgeries has been decreasing.
Can intussusception heal itself?
Once intestinal intussusception occurs, only a small part can be spontaneously reduced. In most cases, urgent reduction treatment is required, including non-surgical and surgical treatments. Non-surgical treatment mainly involves enema therapy. Within 48 hours of the intussusception, if the overall condition is good, the abdomen is not distended, and there are no obvious signs of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, barium enema treatment can be applied. If the duration of the intussusception exceeds 48 to 72 hours, or if the condition is severe with intestinal necrosis or perforation, surgical treatment is necessary.