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Li Fang Fang
Hematology
About me
After graduation, I have been working in the Hematology Department at Kaifeng Central Hospital, engaging in clinical work. I have gained certain clinical experience in common diseases in the field of hematology, and have also assisted other clinical departments in auxiliary treatments.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in common diseases of hematology, such as leukemia, hemophilia, anemia, lymphoma, thrombocytopenia, tetanus, hypoglycemia, aplastic anemia, neonatal hemorrhage, vitamin deficiencies, and other autoimmune diseases.
Voices
Aplastic anemia is caused by how?
Aplastic anemia currently still has an uncertain etiology. However, clinical observations have suggested that chemotherapy drugs, viral infections, and radiation exposure might be related to the occurrence and development of aplastic anemia. Regardless of the cause, these factors all involve abnormalities in immune function. Abnormal immune function leads to the occurrence and development of aplastic anemia. Therefore, immunosuppressive therapy is often effective for patients with aplastic anemia in clinical settings. (Medication use should be conducted under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
Does leukemia cause vomiting?
Leukemia can cause vomiting. There are two reasons why leukemia patients experience vomiting: one is caused by the leukemia itself. If the white blood cell count in leukemia patients abnormally increases to more than 100×10^9/L, this condition is called hyperleukocytosis. In the state of hyperleukocytosis, the body is in a state of ischemia and hypoxia, which can manifest as dizziness, headache, and vomiting in the nervous system. The other reason is that during chemotherapy, the use of chemotherapy drugs can lead to gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting.
How to deal with anemia and dizziness?
Dizziness during anemia is caused by the anemia itself, as the body is in a state of ischemia and hypoxia during anemia, leading to dizziness due to ischemia and hypoxia in the nervous system. In addition to dizziness, there is also a feeling of heavy-headedness and headaches. To quickly improve these symptoms, it is necessary to transfuse red blood cells and correct the anemia. However, after correcting the anemia, due to the limited lifespan of red blood cells, if the cause of the disease is not clearly identified and treated accordingly, the patient will still experience anemia and symptoms like dizziness again.
How is leukemia treated?
Leukemia treatment currently mainly consists of three aspects: supportive care, chemotherapy, and transplantation. Supportive care refers to actively preventing and treating infections, as well as transfusing red blood cells and platelets in leukemia patients, who often suffer from repeated infections, anemia, and bleeding. Chemotherapy can be divided into oral chemotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy, depending on the specific type of leukemia. Transplantation can be divided into autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Autologous transplantation costs less and has fewer side effects but has a higher relapse rate. Allogeneic transplantation is more costly, has more severe side effects, but a lower relapse rate. Whether to undergo autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends on the specific type of disease and the patient's individual circumstances.
Does leukemia cause coughing?
Leukemia patients' coughing is not directly caused by the leukemia itself, but often due to pulmonary inflammation that commonly accompanies leukemia, leading to symptoms such as coughing, phlegm, and chest pain. Due to a reduced count of normal neutrophils, leukemia patients have low resistance and poor immunity, making them highly susceptible to secondary infections, particularly pulmonary infections. Following a pulmonary infection, whether bacterial, fungal, or viral, patients may experience symptoms including coughing, severe cases may involve coughing up phlegm, chest pain, and breathing difficulties.
Hypokalemia is a condition.
Hypokalemia is classified as an electrolyte disorder. When suffering from hypokalemia, patients may experience general weakness and poor appetite. In severe cases, paralysis of the limbs may occur. There are certain causes of hypokalemia, which can be divided into three types. One is reduced intake, the second is excessive loss, and the third is abnormal distribution. Reduced intake mainly refers to patients with poor diets; excessive loss is common in patients with infections, diarrhea, and those who excrete a high amount of potassium in their urine; abnormal distribution refers to potassium moving from the extracellular space into cells, causing hypokalemia.
Can aplastic anemia be cured completely?
Aplastic anemia clinically is categorized into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Acute aplastic anemia appears suddenly and is severe, with a short survival period. Chronic aplastic anemia develops slowly, has a longer history, and is relatively milder in condition. Whether it is acute aplastic anemia or chronic aplastic anemia, curative treatment can only be achieved through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a potential cure for aplastic anemia, there is also a certain rate of failure. Additionally, post-transplant, there is a presence of immune rejection.
The difference between chronic granulocytic leukemia and leukemia.
Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a type of leukemia. Leukemia can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further divided into acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Among these, acute myeloid leukemia can be divided into eight subtypes from M0 to M7, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be divided into three subtypes from L0 to L3. Chronic leukemia is further divided into chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Therefore, chronic granulocytic leukemia is a subtype of leukemia.
How to check for anemia?
Anemia requires an initial routine blood test, which is a complete blood count. If it indicates a reduction in red blood cell count and a significant decrease in hemoglobin, it suggests anemia. Once anemia is indicated by the complete blood count, further tests are guided by the size of the red blood cell volume. If it is microcytic anemia, common types include iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease, and tests such as serum iron, ferritin, and tumor markers are needed. If it is normocytic anemia, a bone marrow biopsy is required to rule out aplastic anemia, multiple myeloma, etc. If it is macrocytic anemia, tests for folate and vitamin B12 are needed to exclude myelodysplastic syndrome and megaloblastic anemia, among others.
Symptoms of Acute Leukemia
The common symptoms of acute leukemia include four main categories: infection, anemia, bleeding, and tumor infiltration. Symptoms of infection manifest as fever, cough, expectoration, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, skin infections, and perianal infections. Anemia is characterized by dizziness, fatigue, poor appetite, and decreased endurance. Symptoms of reduced platelets mainly involve bleeding, which can manifest as bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes, organ bleeding, and even cerebral hemorrhage. Tumor infiltration can manifest as gingival hyperplasia and skin rashes among other swellings.