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Yue Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
Undergraduate degree, associate chief physician.
Proficient in diseases
With over 30 years of experience working in obstetrics and gynecology, I have rich clinical experience and theoretical knowledge. I specialize in the prevention and treatment of common gynecological diseases, with extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis, menstrual disorders, uterine fibroids, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. I have abundant clinical experience in prenatal care and various surgeries related to family planning (such as artificial abortion surgery, IUD placement and removal). I have a wealth of clinical experience in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, as well as unique insights into contraception and family planning.
Voices
What are the risks of premature rupture of membranes?
After premature rupture of membranes, the amniotic cavity is directly connected to the woman's vagina at this time, which primarily poses the risk of infection. If the fetus becomes infected, it is easy to lead to sepsis after birth, resulting in an increased mortality rate for the fetus. Additionally, it can cause bleeding in the fetus. Moreover, for the mother, there is a likely risk of placental abruption, which is due to the reduced abdominal tension after membrane rupture, making placental abruption more likely to occur. Furthermore, the mother is also prone to infections, which can easily lead to chorioamnionitis under these circumstances.
Consequences of Endometriosis
The consequences of endometriosis primarily include abnormal menstruation and infertility, with about 50% of those affected experiencing infertility. The reasons for this stem from the abnormal pelvic structures caused by endometriosis, as well as extensive adhesions of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, and abnormal motility of the fallopian tubes, all of which lead to reduced functions in transporting sperm and eggs. Furthermore, changes in the microenvironment within the pelvis also lead to infertility. Abnormal menstruation is mainly characterized by an increased amount of menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods, which can easily lead to anemia in patients.
Can endometrial polyps be misdiagnosed?
Endometrial polyps can be misdiagnosed as they are caused by excessive proliferation of the endometrial lining. Clinically, the thickness of the endometrium varies throughout the menstrual cycle. Typically, just before menstruation, the endometrium is quite thick. As a result, some women might notice that their endometrium appears thick, resembling a polyp. If such a condition is observed, it is advisable to wait until after a menstrual period when the endometrium has shed before undergoing an ultrasound examination. If it is indeed an endometrial polyp, it will not shed with the menstrual flow. If it’s just thickened endometrium, it will resolve after menstruation. Therefore, it is essential to perform an ultrasound after menstruation to confirm if it is an endometrial polyp. If the polyp persists after a clean menstrual cycle, it can be diagnosed definitively.
Can endometrial polyps cause bleeding?
Endometrial polyps can bleed, which is due to the proliferation of the endometrium resulting in a polyp-like tissue formation. This tissue sticks to the endometrium and thus has blood vessels on it. If women experience this, clinical symptoms will present as irregular vaginal bleeding. Such bleeding mostly occurs after menstruation has ended, followed by renewed vaginal bleeding, and the amount of bleeding can increase after physical activity. If this condition occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for an ultrasound to first rule out if it is caused by endometrial polyps.
Late postpartum hemorrhage clinical symptoms
Late postpartum hemorrhage occurs when significant uterine bleeding happens after the first 24 hours following the delivery of the fetus, commonly seen from one to two weeks postpartum. At this time, patients may experience sudden heavy vaginal bleeding, and some may even develop hemorrhagic shock. A minority of patients might not bleed profusely but may experience recurrent bleeding. Additionally, this bleeding is often accompanied by lower abdominal pain, fever, and symptoms of anemia, so it is critical to seek immediate medical treatment upon noticing these symptoms.
The hazards of premature rupture of membranes
Premature rupture of membranes primarily affects the mother by leading to infections. Once the membranes rupture, bacteria can easily enter the uterine cavity from the vagina, causing chorioamnionitis. Additionally, it may lead to placental abruption, as the rupture of the membranes causes a decrease in abdominal tension, thus making placental abruption more likely to occur. It also leads to an increased rate of cesarean sections, because the reduction in amniotic fluid can cause irregular uterine contractions and the umbilical cord to be easily compressed, which may endanger the fetus. The main impact on the fetus is an increased risk of preterm birth.
Symptoms of endometrial polyps
The most common clinical symptom of endometrial polyps is vaginal bleeding, which manifests in the following ways: Some women may experience heavy menstrual flow with a large amount of blood clots. This is because most patients with endometrial polyps have excessive proliferation of the endometrial lining. When this excessively proliferated endometrium sheds during menstruation, it can result in a heavier flow. Additionally, some women may experience vaginal bleeding after their menstruation has ended. Typically, this bleeding is not heavy and is dark red in color. This could indicate the presence of endometrial polyps.
What causes postpartum depression?
The causes of postpartum depression are still unclear, but the following people are prone to develop postpartum depression. Those who have had multiple children or have gone through numerous pregnancies before conceiving, as well as those with a poor reproductive history and teenage mothers, and mothers who had premature births. Additionally, individuals with pregnancy complications, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension or gestational diabetes, are also likely to develop postpartum depression. Moreover, family relationships play a significant role; those in discordant family relations or where the newborn's gender does not meet their expectations are also susceptible.
Is a teratoma pregnancy?
Teratoma is not a pregnancy; it is a type of ovarian tumor. Most of the time, this tumor is benign. It commonly occurs in individuals aged between 20 and 40 years. The formation of teratomas is generally due to poor differentiation during the embryonic stage, resulting in the development of this type of tumor. Very occasionally, teratomas can become malignant, which requires high vigilance. Most cases of malignancy are seen in young females aged between 11 and 19. Malignant teratomas are usually solid, but they can also have cystic areas.
How long does postpartum depression last?
Postpartum depression can generally be cured within a year in 70% of women. In families where such cases occur, it is important to pay attention, communicate more with the patient, and provide sufficient care and guidance. Additionally, timely psychological and pharmacological treatments should be administered to boost the patient's confidence and self-worth. It is also necessary to use antidepressant medications under a doctor's guidance that do not enter the breast milk, meaning they do not affect breastfeeding.