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Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
About me
Practicing physician, graduated from the Department of Pediatrics with a bachelor's degree from university, has been working in pediatric internal medicine for twenty-five years.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in common pediatric diseases such as colds, pneumonia, diarrhea, eczema, neonatal jaundice, infant feeding, and more.
Voices
Symptoms of cold and fever in children
Child colds indicate an upper respiratory infection, mostly caused by viral infections, with some triggering bacterial infections. It is very common for children with colds to have fevers. In such cases, it is important to ensure the child is well-hydrated. If the temperature exceeds 38.5°C, fever-reducing medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen suspension should be administered. Additionally, cold medications can be taken to alleviate symptoms. When the temperature is below 38.5°C, drinking plenty of fluids is usually sufficient. In essence, the main treatment for a cold is symptomatic relief. Symptoms like fever, runny nose, sneezing, and coughing are all common with colds. (Please take medication under the guidance of a professional physician, and do not self-medicate.)
How to treat a cold in children
Pediatric colds, also known as upper respiratory tract infections in children, are the most common illnesses among children. They primarily manifest as inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and throat, which can lead to conditions such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, and acute tonsillitis. Collectively, these are referred to as upper respiratory tract infections, or simply pediatric colds. The treatment of pediatric colds mainly focuses on preparing for and preventing complications. Secondly, symptomatic treatment is essential. When a child has a high fever, antipyretics should be taken, and physical cooling can be achieved through cold compresses, or warm moist compresses. Children with febrile convulsions should be given sedatives and antispasmodics while reducing the fever. For significant nasal congestion, local medications can be used, or physiological saline water can be used to rinse the nose. For throat pain, throat lozenges can be taken, or sprays that alleviate throat discomfort can be used. It is also crucial to treat the cause of the illness. Generally, antiviral drugs are not specific, but ribavirin can be taken, along with Chinese herbal medicines that clear heat and detoxify. If there is a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotics should be used under the guidance of a hospital doctor.
How to treat umbilical hernia with conservative treatment?
Umbilical hernia in children is a common condition involving the navel area, caused by incomplete development there, allowing intestinal contents to protrude through this weak spot, thus forming an umbilical hernia. The vast majority of umbilical hernias can heal on their own, so conservative treatment is possible, meaning it is okay to just watch and wait. Most children's weak spots in the navel will heal by the age of two, and the hernia will resolve itself. Only a very small number of cases, where the hernia is particularly large or has not healed by the age of two, require surgical treatment. Parents must be clear about this. Therefore, there is no need for special treatment, just observation. It's only necessary to avoid letting the child cry loudly, which can increase abdominal pressure.
Intussusception: How to Diagnose
Intussusception is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions in infants and toddlers, primarily seen in children under one year old. It refers to the condition where part of the intestine and its mesentery slip into an adjacent intestinal lumen, causing obstruction at the root of the intestine. The diagnosis of intussusception in children is mainly based on clinical symptoms. A previously healthy child may suddenly experience an episode of severe, regular, intermittent colicky pain. The child may appear restless, crying, with knees bent, a reduced amplitude of movement, and a pale complexion, with the abdominal pain easing after 10 to 20 minutes. The child may also vomit and pass bloody stools. Bloody stools are a very important symptom; approximately 85% of cases will pass jelly-like, mucousy bloody stools within 6 to 12 hours of onset, or even if there is no bloody stool visible, rectal examination can reveal its presence. A sausage-shaped mass can be felt in the abdomen. Furthermore, an ultrasound can show a typical image of a concentric circle or target-sign mass. Under ultrasound monitoring, procedures such as air or hydrostatic enema can be performed, which help in the early diagnosis of intussusception.
What causes diarrhea and fever in children?
Pediatric diarrhea is a group of diseases caused by multiple etiologies and factors, characterized by an increase in the frequency of defecation and changes in stool characteristics. Pediatric diarrhea can be accompanied by varying degrees of fever, primarily due to viral or bacterial infections. For example, clinically, infections with rotavirus can lead to high fever in children. Additionally, infections caused by various bacteria, such as bacterial dysentery, can increase the frequency of defecation and result in symptoms of bacterial toxicosis. In such cases, fever is also a symptom. Only when the infective factors are completely controlled can the body temperature return to a normal range.
What is Kawasaki disease? Is it contagious?
Kawasaki disease is a common pediatric febrile rash disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. It is a systemic vasculitis syndrome mediated by immune mechanisms. Kawasaki disease may be caused by acute immune dysregulation due to infectious factors, and genetic factors may be related to the acute onset of the disease. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is not contagious, and contact with children with Kawasaki disease will not lead to transmission. Kawasaki disease generally occurs in infants and young children, and there is no clear seasonal pattern to its occurrence, nor significant gender differences.
Causes of Rickets
Rickets, also known as Vitamin D-deficiency rickets, implies from its name that the cause of the disease is due to insufficient intake of Vitamin D in children, leading to disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and resulting in nutritional disease with skeletal deformities. The incidence of the disease is higher in the north than in the south. Currently, the incidence of mild and moderate rickets is relatively high, while severe cases are less common because people are increasingly paying attention to the supplementation of Vitamin D for children. It is recommended that full-term infants start supplementing with 400 units of Vitamin D daily two weeks after birth, which is the physiological requirement. For premature infants, twins, and extremely low birth weight infants, the daily physiological requirement of supplementation is 800 units per day. After supplementing continuously for three months, it should be adjusted to 400 units per day as per the requirement for full-term infants. With such management, the child will not suffer from rickets. However, if there is no regular supplementation after birth, the lack of Vitamin D can lead to skeletal changes in the child, and once rickets is diagnosed, it requires high doses of supplementation.
What should I do about my baby's dry eczema?
Babies with dry eczema still need proactive treatment, as dry eczema can cause local skin flaking and itching, leading to extreme discomfort for the child. The primary treatment for dry eczema consists largely of moisturizing; using a baby-specific moisturizing cream applied thickly three to four times a day typically controls most cases of dry eczema effectively. If this approach doesn't manage the condition, under the guidance of a hospital doctor, the use of mild corticosteroid creams can be considered, alongside dietary controls for the child. If the baby is breastfed, the mother should avoid consuming beef, mutton, nuts, and seafood. If the baby is formula-fed, depending on the severity of the eczema, an amino acid-based formula or a hydrolyzed protein formula can be chosen.
How to determine baby rash?
Roseola infantum is a common acute exanthematous infectious disease in pediatrics, also known as baby roseola, caused by human herpesvirus types 6 and 7. To determine whether it is roseola, the main criteria are if the child is under two years old, especially infants aged 7 to 13 months, who exhibit a persistent high fever. During the fever, if the child’s fever subsides, they appear in good spirits and do not have other complications, then roseola should be highly suspected. In such cases, symptomatic treatment should be provided first, with a focus on hydration. If the temperature exceeds 38.5℃, give the child fever-reducing medication and continue to observe at home due to the persistent high fever, which lasts three to four days. Once the child’s temperature suddenly drops, carefully observe whether a rash appears on the trunk, neck, limbs, and facial area. If these symptoms are present, which match with the history of a high fever lasting three to four days followed by the appearance of a rash, the diagnosis is roseola infantum.
How to Treat a Child's Cold in the Early Stages
Children's colds are mostly viral infections and are self-limiting, which means they can resolve on their own. Therefore, no special treatment is needed in the early stages of a child's cold, but it is important for the child to drink plenty of water and get plenty of rest. If an adult at home has a cold, avoid contact with the child and ensure good ventilation; windows should be opened daily for air circulation. Additionally, feed the child light, easily digestible foods. If the child experiences significant nasal congestion or runny nose causing discomfort, child-specific cold granules or physiological saline nasal wash can be used to relieve the symptoms of the cold. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)