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Yao Jun
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
About me
Director of the Otolaryngology Department, Master's Supervisor. Engaged in Otolaryngology medical, teaching, and research work for over 20 years. Currently has published over 20 professional and management papers in national core journals or professional magazines above the provincial level.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer, head and neck tumors with lymph node dissection for metastasis, thyroid tumors, salivary gland and submandibular gland tumors, sublingual gland tumors, mastoid surgery, functional endoscopic sinus surgery for sinusitis, as well as comprehensive treatment for dizziness, tinnitus, and snoring.
Voices
What bacteria cause suppurative tonsillitis?
Purulent tonsillitis primarily refers to an acute purulent inflammation of the tonsils, often accompanied by varying degrees of mucosal lymphatic tissue inflammation. The primary bacterium responsible for this condition is Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, although non-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, as well as adenovirus, rhinovirus, and simplex herpes virus can also cause purulent tonsillopharyngitis. Mixed bacterial and viral infections are not uncommon, and in recent years, there has been an increase in yeast and Gram-negative bacilli infections. The pathogens of acute purulent tonsillitis can be transmitted via droplets or direct contact. Normally, some pathogens reside in the crypts of the pharynx and tonsils of healthy individuals. When the body's resistance is lowered, the pathogens proliferate extensively, and their toxins damage the crypt epithelium, allowing bacteria to invade the tissue and cause purulent changes. Factors such as exposure to cold, dampness, excessive fatigue, excessive smoking and drinking, and exposure to harmful gases can provoke this disease. Avoiding spicy and irritating foods, gargling with salt water, and maintaining oral hygiene are measures that can prevent or mitigate the occurrence of this condition.
Causes of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China, especially common in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions, as well as other coastal areas including Hunan, Fujian, and Jiangxi. These regions are among the highest incidence areas for nasopharyngeal carcinoma worldwide. The incidence rate in males is three times that of females, with the age group of 40 to 50 years being particularly at risk. The occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with genetic, viral, and environmental factors, exhibiting racial and familial patterns. In areas like Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta, it is possible for five out of nine people in the same family to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus is also one of the causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in addition to environmental factors. Areas with low trace elements in rice and water, as well as low fluoride levels, are prone to higher incidences of this cancer. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma typically have higher fluoride levels in their hair, and nitrites are also one of the major contributing factors to the condition.
What medicine is used for chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis refers to the chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes and submucosal layer inside the nasal cavity. It may be related to allergic states, bacterial infections, viral infections, environmental factors, and the dietary and lifestyle habits of the patient. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is considered a type of heat syndrome or a manifestation of having excessive internal heat. Therefore, it is important to avoid catching colds, avoid overexertion, and refrain from consuming spicy and irritating foods. One should also avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and staying up late. Consuming some cooling foods that relieve heat and, under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist, using some heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines, as well as antihistamines and topical nasal corticosteroids, can be beneficial. Generally, with such treatment, rhinitis can be cured in about four weeks.
Early symptoms of vocal cord nodules
Vocal cord nodules, also known as singer's nodules, typically present as symmetrical nodular protrusions at the junction of the anterior and middle one-thirds of the vocal cords, with a relatively broad base. The main symptom is hoarseness of voice. Initially, the hoarseness is mild, characterized by a rough voice or nearly normal voice, such as when the voice is overused and feels fatigued, leading to intermittent bouts of hoarseness. Over time, the symptom of hoarseness worsens, progressing from intermittent to persistent hoarseness, affecting singers who cannot sing and teachers who are unable to teach. Examination with a laryngoscope may reveal small nodular protrusions on the anterior-middle one-third of the vocal cords, with incomplete closure of the glottis.
What are the symptoms of pharyngitis?
Pharyngitis refers to the chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane and submucosal layer of the pharynx, which can extend to the lymphatic tissue adjacent to the pharynx. Its causes are related to bacterial infections, viral infections, environmental factors, and the dietary habits of the patient. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is considered to be caused by excessive internal heat. Thus, symptoms of pharyngitis can include dry throat, a sensation of heat, a foreign body sensation, discomfort when swallowing, and an irritating cough. In severe cases, it might lead to pain, coughing, and expectoration of phlegm, which are some of the main symptoms of pharyngitis. Severe cases might also involve throat pain and swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes.
What are the symptoms of pharyngitis and influenza?
Pharyngitis influenza mainly involves inflammation of the mucosa or submucosal tissues of the pharynx, generally affecting the lymphatic tissue of the throat, primarily caused by viral or bacterial infections. Clinically, symptoms include dryness and a burning sensation in the throat, a rough feeling, and during severe cases, swallowing pain that may even radiate to the ear. If accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as acute inflammation, the symptoms may vary depending on age, immunity, and the virulence of the virus or bacteria. These symptoms can include fever, headache, decreased appetite, and limb soreness, which are all characteristic of pharyngitis, and during an acute attack, resemble symptoms of influenza.
What is oral ulcer?
Oral ulcers refer to the erosion and inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, a common ulcerative condition occurring on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. They commonly appear on the inner side of the lips, tongue, underside of the tongue, cheek mucous membranes, vestibular groove, soft palate, etc. They may be accompanied by symptoms like bad breath, chronic pharyngitis, constipation, headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, irritability, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. There are two types of conditions: one is recurrent mouth sores, also known as aphthous stomatitis; characterized by repeated outbreaks but heals without scarring. The other type is called periadenitis, where there is a red halo around the eroded area that heals with scarring. Therefore, it is advisable to rinse with saltwater regularly, maintain oral hygiene, consume zinc-rich foods, regulate emotions, avoid staying up late, smoking, and drinking. This can promote the healing of oral ulcers. Additionally, under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist, some heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines can be taken.
How to relieve chronic rhinitis
Chronic rhinitis mainly refers to the inflammation of the nasal mucosa and submucosa, which may be related to allergic states, bacterial infections, viral infections, and environmental factors, as well as the patient's diet and lifestyle habits. Traditional Chinese medicine considers this a manifestation of excessive heat or internal heat. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid catching a cold, smoking, drinking alcohol, staying up late, and consuming spicy or stimulating food. Drinking plenty of water and eating foods that are cooling and slightly bitter may help. Under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist, the use of antihistamines and traditional Chinese medicines for clearing heat and detoxifying can be beneficial. Applying glucocorticoid nasal sprays may also help. Generally, such treatments can alleviate or cure the condition.
What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, divided into two types: one with nasal polyps, known as chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and one without nasal polyps, known as chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps. If it is chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, functional endoscopic sinus surgery should be performed to remove the swellings, open the ethmoid sinuses, and treat with medication. If it is chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, clinically, antibiotics and anti-allergy medications can be used, along with some topical corticosteroids. Avoid spicy and irritating foods, and drink plenty of water. The treatment duration for chronic sinusitis should be at least three months, and care should be taken to avoid colds, staying up late, and overheating. (Specific medications should be taken under the guidance of a physician.)
Is chronic tonsillitis serious?
Chronic tonsillitis is primarily caused by repeated acute tonsillitis attacks or due to poor drainage in the tonsillar crypts, where bacteria and viruses breed and infect, leading to chronic inflammation. It is mainly divided into three types: hyperplastic, fibrous, and cryptic. Clinically, it mainly manifests as sore throat, susceptibility to colds, and a history of acute tonsillitis attacks. Usually, there are few self-perceived symptoms, which may include dry throat, itching, foreign body sensation, and mild symptoms such as irritative cough. If cheesy decayed material or a large number of anaerobic bacteria accumulate in the tonsillar crypts, bad breath may occur. Excessive enlargement of the tonsils in children can lead to respiratory distress, snoring, or swallowing and speech function disorders, requiring surgical treatment. If chronic tonsillitis frequently inflames, accompanied by acute fever more than five times a year, or affects swallowing and breathing, surgical treatment is necessary; otherwise, it may lead to severe diseases such as rheumatic heart disease or nephritis.