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Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
What is a good treatment for nasal polyps?
In the treatment of nasal polyps, local surgical intervention is necessary. The cause of nasal polyps is unclear, but they generally arise from chronic inflammation over time, which leads to diffuse congestion, edema, hyperplasia, and prolapse of the bilateral nasal concha mucosa, resulting in the formation of nasal polyps. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps typically affect both sides and can cause bilateral nasal obstruction, progressively worsening, and a foul smell may also be emitted from the nasal cavity. During examination, pale lychee-like masses may be found in the middle or general nasal passage. These masses are soft and painless. In terms of treatment, the patient needs to first undergo endoscopic nasal polyp removal surgery. Post-surgery, it is also necessary to use budesonide nasal spray locally to shrink the nasal conchae and prevent recurrence (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Adenoid hypertrophy can undergo nebulization treatment.
Adenoid hypertrophy can be treated with nebulized inhalation, which is very effective. The adenoid is a lymphatic tissue in the nasopharyngeal area that generally becomes enlarged in children. Its enlargement is mostly caused by inflammatory stimulation, commonly seen in acute rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. It can cause persistent nasal congestion, snoring at night, and can also lead to symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear stuffiness. During an examination with an electronic nasopharyngoscope, enlarged and congested adenoids blocking the nasal passages can be observed. In terms of treatment, patients can initially opt for conservative treatments, where nebulized inhalation has proven to be very effective. It can reduce congestion and edema of the adenoids to relieve symptoms. However, if conservative treatment is ineffective, patients may need to undergo adenoidectomy. This surgery requires hospitalization, and patients can generally recover and be discharged within a week.
What causes turbinate hypertrophy?
Turbinates hypertrophy is most commonly seen in clinical practice, caused by repeated inflammation, leading to congestion, swelling, hyperplasia, and prolapse of the turbinate mucosa. The hypertrophy mainly involves the lower turbinates, causing bilateral nasal obstruction in patients, with the condition progressively worsening. Additionally, there may be mucous secretions from the front of the nose, and when accompanied by a bacterial infection, yellow secretions may be present. Patients may also experience facial swelling, headaches, reduced sense of smell, and memory decline as clinical symptoms. Upon examination with an endoscope, significant congestion and swelling of the bilateral lower turbinates can be observed, often covered with abnormal secretions. In terms of treatment, if the turbinate hypertrophy is chronic, conservative treatment is ineffective, and patients may require partial resection of the bilateral lower turbinates for a cure. However, surgery has its principles; it is crucial not to remove more than one-third of the lower turbinate to avoid the risk of empty nose syndrome.
What should you avoid eating if you have vocal cord polyps?
Patients with vocal cord polyps need a light diet and should avoid spicy and irritating foods. It is necessary for patients to adjust their digestive system function to avoid acid reflux. The cause of vocal cord polyps is generally due to long-term intake of spicy foods, digestive system disorders, gastric acid reflux, and long periods of loud talking, excessive fatigue, and overuse of the voice, which leads to congestion, edema, hyperplasia, and prolapse of the mucous membrane on the surface of the vocal cords. This condition can cause the patient to experience persistent hoarseness, which progressively worsens. During an examination with an electronic laryngoscope, a smooth, pale white or pale red abnormal neoplasm can be found at the anterior middle third of one vocal cord. It can lead to incomplete closure of the vocal cords, resulting in a hoarse voice. In terms of treatment, vocal cord polyps can be cured with a microlaryngoscopy under the support of a laryngoscope, where the polyp is surgically removed.
How to recover from chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis is very difficult to treat, as it is caused by repeated acute rhinitis resulting in nasal symptoms. Patients may experience bilateral nasal congestion, which alternates in severity and may become persistently worse in severe cases. Additionally, the nasal cavity may produce abnormal secretions, and yellow secretions may appear when accompanied by bacterial infection. Examination with an endoscope reveals bilateral turbinate mucosal congestion, edema, hyperplasia, and a mulberry-like appearance on the surface, with poor responsiveness to decongestants. During treatment, patients in the acute phase must receive symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment and oral antibiotics. Furthermore, nebulized inhalation is also needed to reduce congestion and edema of the turbinate mucosa along with regular physical exercise to restore the function of the turbinate mucosa. If conservative treatment is ineffective, the patient may require bilateral inferior turbinate partial resection to be cured.
Is scraping effective for vocal cord nodules?
Scraping therapy is ineffective for vocal cord nodules and serves no purpose. Vocal cord nodules are bilateral vocal cord lesions caused by prolonged improper voice use, excessive strain, loud yelling, and irritation from acid reflux. These nodules can result in incomplete closure of the vocal cords, leading to a hoarse voice. If a patient experiences long-term hoarseness, they must go to a hospital for an examination with a video laryngoscope. This can reveal a symmetrical, smooth, pale nodule at the anterior middle third of the vocal cords. For treatment, medications and scraping therapy are ineffective for vocal cord nodules. Instead, surgical removal of the nodules under endoscopic guidance is necessary. The surgery requires hospitalization, general anesthesia, and postoperative antibiotics to avoid local infection, with recovery and discharge possible in about a week. Patients also need to completely rest their voice for a week after surgery to prevent recurrence.
How many days will it take for the fever from pharyngitis to subside?
Fever caused by pharyngitis is generally due to reduced immunity and resistance, resulting from viral or bacterial infection. Typically, this causes the patient to experience sudden high fever, with body temperatures above 38°C, and the fever may last for three to five days. Symptoms also include swelling and pain in the throat, muscle fatigue, muscle soreness, dryness, itching, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. Common pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes or Coxsackie virus. Examination may reveal obvious congestive edema of the pharyngeal mucosa, and yellow purulent secretions on the posterior pharyngeal wall. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy, with good results from oral cephalosporin antibiotics. Additionally, treatment may include nebulized corticosteroids, with gradual improvement typically occurring over about a week.
Is nasal turbinate hypertrophy related to allergic rhinitis?
Turbinate hypertrophy is directly related to allergic rhinitis. After an allergic rhinitis attack, the patient may experience bilateral inferior turbinate congestion, edema, and hyperplasia, which leads to continuous bilateral nasal congestion and clear, watery nasal discharge, nasal itching, and in severe cases, eyelid swelling, tearing, and itching. Allergic rhinitis is primarily caused by a decrease in the body's immunity and resistance, following the nasal intake or contact with relevant allergens, which can include dust, pollen, and mites. Firstly, a detailed examination at a hospital is needed, using diagnostic tools such as nasal endoscopy, routine blood tests, allergen antibody tests, and skin prick tests to confirm the diagnosis. For treatment, symptomatic anti-allergy treatment is necessary, including oral antihistamines to shrink the turbinates and alleviate nasal congestion. During remission, regular physical exercise is also needed to enhance the body’s immune capabilities for gradual improvement. If the turbinate enlargement is too severe, local surgical removal might be required.
Can pharyngitis be cured?
Pharyngitis can be divided into acute and chronic types, with acute pharyngitis being curable. Acute pharyngitis occurs due to a weakened immune system followed by acute inflammatory infection, such as infections by Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, or Coxsackie virus, leading to both systemic and local symptoms. Patients may experience sudden high fever, swelling and pain in the throat, and also present with coughing and phlegm among other clinical signs. For treatment, patients firstly need to have a routine blood test. If there is an increase in white blood cells, this indicates a bacterial infection, and patients will need oral antibiotic treatment, for which cephalosporin antibiotics are effective. However, if lymphocytes are elevated, this indicates a viral infection, which does not require any medication. Drinking plenty of water, resting, and maintaining a light diet will generally lead to recovery in about a week. (Please take any medications under the guidance of a professional physician.)
Do nasal polyps need to undergo a biopsy before surgery?
Nasal polyps must first undergo a biopsy before surgical treatment can proceed. A clear diagnosis is necessary. If it is a nasal polyp, local surgical removal is needed. If it is a bleeding or malignant nasal polyp, local hemostasis, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy is required. Nasal polyps can occur for various reasons clinically, and are generally directly related to chronic rhinitis or chronic allergic rhinitis in patients. They are polyps formed from the diffuse congestion, edema, and prolapse of the nasal concha mucosa due to long-term inflammatory stimulation. Nasal polyps can lead to persistent nasal congestion in both nasal cavities, along with a sense of swelling and foreign body sensation in the nasal cavity. In severe cases, it can cause a decrease in the sense of smell and memory. It is necessary to go to the hospital for a detailed examination. An electronic nasal endoscope and sinus CT can determine if there are any abnormal tumors. If a tumor is found, a local biopsy will be required. If it is confirmed as a nasal polyp, local surgical removal is necessary for treatment.