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Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
About me
Engaged in the field of otolaryngology for ten years, pursued further training at the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, under the tutelage of Professor Jin Dejun.
Proficient in diseases
Rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal hypertrophy, nasal polyps, acute and chronic pharyngitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, vocal cord nodules, vocal cord polyps, laryngeal tumors.
Voices
Is minimally invasive surgery for nasal polyps painful?
Nasal polyp surgery is performed using endoscopic nasal polypectomy and sinusotomy. It is a minimally invasive surgery that requires general anesthesia and is painless. The cause of nasal polyps is unclear, generally, they are due to repeated chronic inflammation, which can cause diffuse congestion, edema, hyperplasia, and prolapse of the nasal turbinate mucosa. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps usually occur bilaterally and cause persistent nasal congestion that progressively worsens. During an endoscopic examination, pale, lychee-like fresh tumors can be seen in the nasal cavity, which are soft and painless. In terms of treatment, medication is ineffective for nasal polyps; patients need to undergo local surgical treatment for cure.
Can hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates be reduced by taking anti-inflammatory drugs?
Whether taking anti-inflammatory drugs is needed for enlarged turbinates depends first on identifying the cause of the enlargement. If the enlargement of the turbinates is caused by bacterial infection, it is appropriate to take anti-inflammatory medication such as antibiotics. However, if it is caused by allergies, antibiotics will be ineffective. Generally, there are two reasons for enlarged turbinates. The first is due to symptoms caused by acute inflammatory infections, commonly seen in clinical cases of acute rhinitis or acute sinusitis. Clinically, these are most often caused by infections from hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in congested, swollen, and hypertrophic mucous membranes of the turbinates. Antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin can be effective in treatment. However, antibiotics are ineffective for allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune and resistance levels are low, and the nasal cavity comes into contact with related allergens. Patients will also experience enlarged turbinates, along with symptoms like sneezing and runny nose. Treatment should focus on symptomatic allergy treatment to shrink the turbinates and alleviate nasal congestion.
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
Nasal polyps are benign tumors that occur inside the nasal cavity. Generally, the appearance of nasal polyps is associated with chronic inflammatory stimulation, repeated irritation of the turbinate mucosa leading to congestion, edema, prolapse, and hyperplasia of the turbinate mucosa, which causes nasal polyps. They are also often secondary to allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyps can cause bilateral nasal congestion in patients, which tends to persist and worsen, while mucous secretions may also flow from the nasal cavity. In severe cases, patients may experience facial swelling, pain, headaches, and other related symptoms. During examination, pale white lychee-like, soft new growths that are usually painless can be found inside the nasal cavity. In terms of treatment, nasal polyps require endoscopic nasal polypectomy. The surgery requires hospitalization, general anesthesia, and postoperative antibiotics to prevent local infection. Patients can usually recover and be discharged about a week after the surgery. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
How should sinusitis be treated?
Sinusitis is caused by acute inflammatory infections, mainly hemolytic streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens enter the sinuses through the sinus openings due to the patient catching a cold or having a flu, leading to congestion, swelling, hyperplasia, and exudation in the sinus mucosa. Symptoms include persistent nasal congestion, discharge of yellow secretions from the nasal cavity accompanied by a foul smell, and severe cases may also experience facial swelling, pain, and headaches. In terms of treatment, during the acute phase, patients need to first undergo symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment, taking oral antibiotics such as cephalosporins, which are very effective. Additionally, physiological saline is used for nasal and sinus irrigation. If conservative treatment is ineffective, patients may require endoscopic sinus surgery and sinus mucosa clearance for recovery. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
What are the symptoms of chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis is caused by recurrent acute rhinitis or prolonged unresolved nasal symptoms. Patients may experience bilateral nasal congestion, which alternates in severity; the congestion is usually less during physical activity during the day and more severe when resting at night. Additionally, the nasal cavity may produce mucous secretions, and when accompanied by bacterial infection, yellow secretions may appear. Patients may also experience headaches, dry mouth, and decreased memory among other related symptoms. During examination, congested and swollen nasal turbinates on both sides are evident, and the effectiveness of ephedrine in causing constriction is good. In treatment, patients can initially use nebulized inhalation to constrict the nasal turbinates and reduce nasal congestion. Regular physical exercise is also needed to restore the function of the nasal mucosa, leading to gradual improvement. If conservative treatment is ineffective, local surgical removal may be required for recovery. (Medication use must be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)
Allergic rhinitis is like this.
Allergic rhinitis is primarily caused by the inhalation of allergens into the nasal cavity after the body's immunity and resistance has decreased, leading to acute, allergic symptoms. Patients may experience paroxysmal sneezing, generally more than three sneezes, and in severe cases, up to dozens. Symptoms also include itchy nose, itchy eyes, bilateral nasal congestion, and a large amount of worm-like secretions flowing from the nasal cavity. During the examination with a nasal endoscope, pale and swollen nasal concha mucous membranes can be observed on both sides with positive prick tests. In the middle and common nasal passages, abnormal secretions can cover the area. For treatment, allergic rhinitis initially requires hospital examination for allergens, while also avoiding allergens, and taking oral anti-allergy medications. Additionally, patients are advised to engage in physical activities such as swimming and running to enhance immunity and resistance, which can lead to gradual improvement.
Can sinusitis be cured completely?
Sinusitis can be completely cured. Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a condition caused by bacterial infection due to weakened immunity and resistance. Typically, patients may experience sudden high fever with a body temperature above 38°C, dryness and pain in the nasal cavity, and yellow discharge might be present in the nose. Examination can reveal congestion and significant edema of the bilateral middle and inferior turbinates, and abnormal secretions may be found in the middle meatus or common nasal passage. In terms of treatment, since it is a bacterial infection, patients can orally take cephalosporin or penicillin antibiotics, which are effective. Additionally, nasal irrigation with saline solution is necessary. If conservative treatment fails, patients may need to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery and sinus mucosa cleaning to achieve complete recovery. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Where to massage for chronic rhinitis?
Chronic rhinitis can be alleviated by massaging the Yingxiang acupuncture point to relieve nasal congestion. The exact location of the Yingxiang point is about 1~2cm outside the nostril. Using the index finger of one hand to repeatedly massage for 5~10 minutes can relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion and is quite effective in treating chronic rhinitis. However, patients should not rely solely on massage for treatment because it only provides relief and does not cure the condition fundamentally. For treating chronic rhinitis, patients need to undergo medication treatment. Nebulized inhalation therapy has good effects, can effectively shrink the nasal turbinates, reduce nasal secretions, and alleviate nasal congestion. Additionally, regular exercise is needed to shrink nasal turbinates, restore the contractile and relaxing functions of the turbinate mucosa, improve physical fitness, enhance immunity and resistance, and gradual improvement can occur by avoiding colds. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician.)
What causes throat cancer?
Throat cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the throat area. Its causes are not clear, but it is generally associated with long-term smoking, drinking, exposure to toxic and carcinogenic substances, as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, acid reflux irritation, prolonged loud speaking, staying up late, fatigue, and malignant transformation of benign tumors, which lead to symptoms in the throat area. It causes persistent hoarseness in patients, and the symptoms progressively worsen. Patients may also experience a foreign body sensation in the throat, a feeling of blockage, a burning sensation, and sometimes difficulty swallowing. Patients should first go to the hospital for a detailed examination with an electronic laryngoscope, which can reveal cauliflower-like neoplasms or ulcers in any part of the throat. If such findings are present, a local biopsy is needed. If the biopsy confirms the presence of a malignant tumor, local surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy is required for treatment.
Does adenoid hypertrophy require nasal irrigation?
Enlarged adenoids require nasal cleansing, which can be done using saline solution for nasal irrigation. During irrigation, the inflammatory secretions on the surfaces of the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal adenoids can be washed off, thereby alleviating the symptoms of enlarged adenoids. This can relieve the patient's nasal congestion and snoring during sleep. This is a conservative treatment method for enlarged adenoids. Additionally, during the acute phase of enlarged adenoids, symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment is also necessary, using antibiotics such as penicillins or cephalosporins, which are effective. Administration of budesonide via nebulization can also be combined to reduce congestion and edema of the mucous membrane on the surface of the adenoids, relieving symptoms. If the adenoids remain enlarged for an extended period, and conservative treatments are ineffective, and if the patient has severe snoring symptoms, then adenoidectomy might be necessary to completely cure the condition. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)