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Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
I graduated from Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and have been working in the field of obstetrics and gynecology for over 20 years. I have attended advanced training programs at higher level hospitals and have published multiple national-level papers.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the treatment of common gynecological diseases, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Voices
Women generally experience menopause at what age?
The average age of menopause for women in our country is generally around 49 years old. Before menopause, some people may experience irregular periods for about two to three years, a period also known as the perimenopause. Some may have periods once every two or three months until they gradually cease, reaching menopause. Others might experience increased menstrual flow, prolonged periods, and shorter cycles. Thus, generally, women around 48 or 49 years of age, if experiencing irregular periods, should consider that they are nearing menopause and should pay attention to menopausal care. After menopause at the age of 49, some may experience symptoms of menopause. Therefore, the average age of menopause in our country is around 49 years old.
How long does cervical erosion bleed after the scab falls off?
Cervical erosion, if treated with methods like laser or electrocoagulation, may experience bleeding during the scab shedding process. This bleeding usually ceases within about a week. It is common for the blood volume to increase slightly when the scabs fall off, then the bleeding gradually decreases, and stopping within a week is considered normal. If bleeding persists for more than a week after treatment for cervical erosion, it is necessary to visit a hospital for relevant examinations, and receive targeted treatments based on the condition of the cervical wound. If there is active bleeding, treatment should be based on the examination results. Therefore, if bleeding due to scab shedding from cervical erosion lasts excessively long, it is crucial to seek appropriate medical attention at a hospital. Generally, sexual intercourse should be avoided within a month after the operation for cervical erosion, and anti-inflammatory targeted treatments are necessary post-surgery.
What causes yeast vaginitis?
Fungal vaginitis, clinically manifested as curdy or cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge, itching, and no peculiar smell, must be treated symptomatically based on diagnosis and test results if confirmed as fungal vaginitis. The cause of fungal vaginitis is generally very likely due to improper care. Normally, the vaginal environment is acidic. If improperly handled, such as washing with water or cleansers, and various intimate hygiene products daily, it can disrupt the vaginal microbiota and lead to recurrent fungal vaginitis infections. Long-term use of high doses of anti-inflammatory drugs can also cause microbial imbalance and trigger fungal vaginitis. Washing socks afflicted with athlete's foot together with underwear can also cause recurrent fungal infections. Furthermore, patients with diabetes who do not have good blood sugar control can also experience recurrent fungal infections. Routine attention to vulvar hygiene is necessary, as improper hygiene care can also lead to fungal outbreaks. Therefore, those with fungal vaginitis must receive proper symptomatic treatment.
What ointment is good for vulvar lichen sclerosus?
Vulvar lichen sclerosus is considered a complex gynecological condition. Typically, the condition has a long history and there are no specific effective drugs. The relatively better treatment options currently include the use of Bacterium anitratum ointment for symptomatic treatment. It is best to visit a hospital for an accurate diagnosis to confirm whether it is vulvar lichen sclerosus. If confirmed, topical Bacterium anitratum can be used, along with microwave laser treatment for symptomatic relief. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine, treatments that clear heat, remove dampness, and stop itching can also be used for symptomatic treatment. It is a complex condition that is difficult to treat. Clinically, it is essential to actively seek symptomatic treatment at hospitals for vulvar lichen sclerosus. Routine care should include wearing pure cotton underwear, avoiding harsh cleansing agents or intimate products, and washing daily with plain water, followed by the application of Bacterium anitratum ointment.
Can cervical polyps be detected during a gynecological examination?
Cervical polyps are generally detected through a gynecological internal examination or colposcopy, and this diagnosis is not difficult. Once cervical polyps are detected, they are usually removed 3 to 7 days after the menstrual cycle has ended. The removed polyps are then examined pathologically, and postoperative anti-inflammatory symptomatic treatment is sufficient. The vast majority of cervical polyps are benign, with a very low likelihood of becoming malignant, so patients with cervical polyps need not worry. If one wishes to know whether they have cervical polyps, they can undergo a gynecological internal examination and a colposcopic examination at the hospital; both tests can detect cervical polyps.
Does teratoma affect menstruation?
Teratoma, under normal circumstances, does not affect menstruation, but it does affect fertility. If it is confirmed that one side has a teratoma, surgery is generally required. After treatment, the ovary on that side is typically removed. Once removed, that ovary will no longer ovulate, and ovulation must occur from the other ovary. The maintenance of hormone levels in the body needs to be supported by the other ovary. If the function of the other ovary is normal, menstruation will continue to occur normally; it will not affect menstruation. However, if after the removal of the teratoma, one ovary is removed, the chance of conception is reduced by half compared to others. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with teratoma to undergo surgery as early as possible. After the surgery, if the pathology shows no issues and if it is a simple teratoma removal, it does not affect menstruation.
How is yeast vaginitis caused?
Yeast vaginitis, also known as candidal vaginitis, generally forms due to improper care. Normally, the vaginal environment is acidic. If a person is particularly hygienic and uses cleansing solutions or water to wash the vagina daily, it can disrupt the vaginal microbiota, leading to recurrent episodes of yeast vaginitis. Additionally, long-term use of large doses of anti-inflammatory drugs can also cause an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, resulting in recurrent yeast infections. Furthermore, patients with poorly controlled diabetes may also experience recurrent yeast infections. Pregnant women, 30%-40% of whom, may also develop yeast vaginitis due to microbial imbalance. Moreover, in households where someone has athlete's foot, washing socks and shorts together can also lead to yeast infections. Therefore, in addition to treatment, the precautions mentioned earlier should also be taken seriously.
What foods should be eaten with polycystic ovary syndrome?
The characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome include amenorrhea, obesity, infertility, acne, hirsutism, and hormone level tests generally indicate high testosterone, high luteinizing hormone, and low estrogen levels. Therefore, dietary intake should avoid large portions of meat, high-fat, and high-calorie foods. It is beneficial to consume more vegetables and fruits, and foods that are high in estrogen levels, such as beans and soy products, especially soy milk made from black soybeans. Besides pharmacological treatments, it is crucial for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome to regulate their daily routines and diet. If a patient is significantly overweight, it is essential to lose weight through exercise.
Is amenorrhea a disease?
Amenorrhea is first divided into physiological or pathological. If it is physiological, it generally is not a major issue, but pathological cases must be treated symptomatically. For physiological amenorrhea, such as not menstruating for three months during the breastfeeding period, this is normal. It's mainly influenced by the secretion of prolactin from the ovaries, so it’s possible not to have menstruation during breastfeeding, and this is not a problem. Moreover, some people use medications, such as those used to treat endometriosis, which can cause amenorrhea; this type of amenorrhea is normal, and menstruation usually resumes after stopping the medication. Then there is pathological amenorrhea, typically seen with severe conditions like uterine endometrium or intrauterine adhesions, which can also cause a lack of menstruation. Additionally, ovarian secretory dysfunction, certain endocrine disorders, or premature ovarian failure, can all lead to amenorrhea, requiring related medical examinations and symptomatic treatment in a hospital.
Is vestibular adenitis gonorrhea?
Bartholin's gland inflammation is not gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is a type of sexually transmitted disease, mainly caused by infection with streptococcus. Clinically, it presents with yellow-green vaginal discharge and itching of the vulva. This can generally be diagnosed by taking a secretion sample for testing at a hospital. Treatment for gonorrhea must also be conducted at a hospital after confirming the presence of streptococcus, typically through topical medications and intravenous anti-inflammatory drugs. Bartholin's gland inflammation occurs when the duct of the Bartholin's gland becomes blocked, forming a cyst that leads to inflammation and swelling at the site of the Bartholin's gland, as well as localized pain in the vulva. This condition can severely affect daily activities and walking for some patients. Treatment for Bartholin's gland inflammation generally starts with medication. If chronic inflammation leads to cyst formation, procedures such as fistulotomy or cyst excision may be performed as treatment. These two are not the same condition.