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Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
I graduated from Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and have been working in the field of obstetrics and gynecology for over 20 years. I have attended advanced training programs at higher level hospitals and have published multiple national-level papers.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the treatment of common gynecological diseases, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Voices
What should I do if my period has been absent for three months?
If a woman does not menstruate for three months, medically this is called amenorrhea. If she is relatively young, it is essential to visit a hospital for relevant examinations. Generally, an ultrasound is conducted first to check the thickness of the endometrial lining and to assess if there are any organic diseases affecting the uterus or ovaries. If the endometrium appears thin and there are no organic diseases, further examinations should include tests for six sex hormones, which are indicators of ovarian function. If the results suggest premature ovarian failure or some endocrine disorders, treatment can be tailored according to these findings. Moreover, if the woman has reached menopausal age and indeed has not menstruated for three months, this condition is considered amenorrhea, which might be physiological. Hence, if an older woman experiences amenorrhea, it is likely true menopausal amenorrhea. Additionally, if a woman who normally has regular menstrual cycles does not menstruate for three months, pregnancy cannot be ruled out, and it is crucial to conduct relevant tests for early pregnancy.
Best time for cervical polyp surgery
The best time for cervical polyp surgery is within three to seven days after the end of menstruation, when the cervical canal polyp removal surgery should be performed. After the surgery, the removed tissue must be re-examined pathologically, as most polyps are benign, but a very small number may have malignant tendencies. Therefore, it is essential to perform another pathological examination after the cervical polyp removal surgery. After surgery, oral anti-inflammatory medication should be taken for symptomatic treatment, and sexual intercourse should be avoided for a month. Topical medications can also be used for symptomatic treatment. Since most cervical polyps are caused by chronic inflammation, postoperative anti-inflammatory or topical medications can be used for symptomatic treatment to prevent the recurrence of polyps. After the removal of a cervical canal polyp, it is crucial to have a follow-up check every six months to a year, as polyps are prone to recurrence.
Is third-degree cervical erosion severe?
Grade III cervical erosion, if cervical cancer and precancerous lesion screening show no issues, simple Grade III cervical erosion is not severe and not frightening. Normally, cervical erosion is classified by the size of the area into Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III erosion. Grade III erosion is the most severe type among cervical erosions. Patients with cervical erosion typically start by undergoing routine cervical cancer screening at hospitals. This usually involves a TCT (ThinPrep Cytologic Test) and HPV virus testing. Through these two tests, it is possible to preliminarily screen for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. If these tests show no issues, simple Grade III cervical erosion is not frightening. At this point, treatment can include physical methods such as laser, electrocoagulation, or cryocondensation for symptomatic treatment, or some people may use medication for symptomatic treatment, which is also an option. If the cancer screening shows no problems, Grade III cervical erosion is not severe.
Causes of Dysmenorrhea
The general causes of dysmenorrhea include endometriosis or cold in the uterus, or stagnation of qi and blood stasis, all of which can lead to painful menstruation. Clinically, if dysmenorrhea is generally mild abdominal discomfort without affecting study or work, this mild dysmenorrhea is generally not a big problem. If dysmenorrhea shows a gradually worsening trend, it generally requires a visit to the hospital for a color ultrasound to check for endometriosis. If dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis is present, it will show a worsening trend and in severe cases, may include symptoms of nausea and vomiting, so this situation is generally caused by a displacement of the endometrial lining. Additionally, some patients may experience cold hands and feet, and cold abdominal pain during the painful menstruation, which is mostly considered to be caused by cold in the uterus. Furthermore, stagnation of qi and blood stasis can also lead to dysmenorrhea, typically presenting with blood clots during menstruation, where pain relief follows the discharge of blood clots, suggesting a high possibility of being caused by stagnation of qi and blood stasis.
How long does it take for a miscarriage to expel the gestational sac?
Under normal circumstances, in the case of a natural miscarriage, the gestational sac is usually expelled within one week, and the decidua tissue is also expelled within one week. If there is still bleeding more than one week after a natural miscarriage, it is imperative to visit a hospital for related examinations, typically requiring an ultrasound to observe the miscarriage situation. If the miscarriage is complete, then there are generally no major issues. However, if the miscarriage is incomplete, a dilation and curettage procedure may be necessary. It is possible for an incomplete miscarriage to occur naturally. Therefore, if there is still bleeding after one week, further examinations are necessary. In cases of natural miscarriage, it is usually advised to wait at least six months before trying to conceive again, and relevant examinations must be conducted before attempting again to determine the causes of the natural miscarriage and to treat accordingly.
Ectopic pregnancy signs
Normally, if menstruation does not occur at the expected time and there is irregular, light bleeding, the first step is to go to the hospital for an early pregnancy test. If the test shows two lines, this indicates pregnancy. Pregnancy includes intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy. In cases of ectopic pregnancy, there is generally also irregular bleeding and abdominal pain. Therefore, if the early pregnancy test is positive with two lines and there is irregular bleeding and abdominal pain, one must be alert for the occurrence of an ectopic pregnancy. At this time, you can go to the hospital for blood tests to check the HCG levels and progesterone, along with an ultrasound to comprehensively determine the situation. If there is no gestational sac within the uterine cavity and an abnormal mass is found outside the uterus, then hospitalization and appropriate treatment for the ectopic pregnancy are needed.
Causes of Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea can be physiological or pathological. Physiological amenorrhea, for example, occurs during the breastfeeding period when menstruation is irregular for three consecutive months; this is considered normal. Also, some patients may experience temporary amenorrhea due to medications used to treat conditions such as endometriosis, which is also normal. Pathological amenorrhea, commonly seen in clinical settings, includes conditions such as ovarian dysfunction, severe intrauterine adhesions, premature ovarian failure, or other endocrine disorders, which can result in the absence of menstruation. It is essential for individuals experiencing amenorrhea to undergo relevant medical examinations to identify the cause, followed by appropriate treatments based on the findings.
Which department should I go to for vulvar lichen sclerosus?
Patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus generally visit the gynecology department of hospitals, as the diagnosis and treatment of this condition are considered a kind of complex gynecological issue. This disease generally cannot be treated in smaller hospitals, and better treatment is usually available in third-grade, class-A hospitals’ gynecology departments. The formation of vulvar lichen sclerosus is mostly due to poor nutrition of the vulva, so patients with this condition should definitely seek treatment at large, third-grade, class-A hospitals. The treatment can generally be conducted through physical methods or topical medications. During the treatment process, the majority of cases can experience symptom relief. Vulvar lichen sclerosus is generally benign, but in very rare cases, it may turn malignant. Therefore, patients with worsening conditions can undergo a biopsy in the hospital to determine if the lichen sclerosus is worsening or if there is a tendency towards vulvar cancer. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician, and do not self-medicate.)
Cervical polyps how many months grow bigger
Cervical polyps generally are not very large, typically only a few centimeters at most, and do not become noticeably bigger. Polyps tend to grow very slowly and usually do not become very large. If cervical polyps are found, they can be detected through a vaginal exam and colposcopy at a hospital. Polyps do not change much over a short period, so it is best to address them as soon as they are discovered. If it is not possible to deal with them immediately, they generally will not change much over a few months. The tissue removed can be examined pathologically; most polyps are benign and usually are not a significant issue.
How long does it generally take to treat a trichomoniasis infection?
Trichomoniasis infection generally improves within a week. Trichomoniasis requires symptomatic medication, and typically, is almost completely resolved after a week. Clinically, trichomonal vaginitis usually presents as abnormal discharge. Normally, vaginal discharge in women is clear, transparent, odorless, and minimal. Patients with trichomoniasis will have watery discharge with a fishy odor and itching, especially worsening at night. At this time, topical medications for symptomatic treatment can be used as well as oral medications. Thus, trichomoniasis is a common condition among women, and the treatment is generally effective, with symptomatic treatment usually resulting in improvement within a week.