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Zhang Chao Jie
Breast Surgery
About me
Chief physician, professor, master's supervisor. Editorial board member of Medical and Philosophical Journals, Editor-in-Chief of roundtable conference columns. One of the first backbone medical talents in the "225 Project" of Hunan Health and Family Planning Commission. Member of the Breast Disease Professional Committee of the China Medical Education Association. Member of the Youth Committee of the Thyroid Surgery Physicians Committee of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Deputy director and member of multiple professional committees of the Hunan Anti-Cancer Association. Executive member of the Perioperative Medical Management Committee of the Hunan Health Management Society. Member of the Obstetrics and Gynecology and Breast Tumor Prevention and Treatment Professional Committee of the Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care and Eugenics Association. Engaged in general surgery clinical work for 20 years, with rich experience in diagnosis and treatment of general surgical diseases. Particularly skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant diseases such as breast and thyroid diseases. For the past 15 years, dedicated to research on early diagnosis of breast cancer and thyroid cancer and comprehensive treatment with a focus on surgery, accumulating extensive clinical experience in surgical treatment of diseases such as granulomatous mastitis, plasma cell mastitis, congenital inverted nipple, and male breast development. Pioneered the use of nanocarbon in preoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy in thyroid surgery, non-lactational mastitis surgical treatments, and non-surgical treatment of congenital inverted nipple using wire suture traction (this technique maximizes breastfeeding function). Also, pioneering minimally invasive treatments for male breast development among other advanced techniques in the field, extensively praised by patients both within and outside the province for their efficacy. Throughout medical practice, adheres to the basic principle of "evidence-based medicine guiding clinical work, but emphasizing individualized diagnosis and treatment principles" as a core belief. Published over 50 academic papers and contributed to 2 professional books. Several papers have won second and third prizes at national conferences and provincial medical associations. Awarded the Renji Science and Technology Progress Award second prize once. Principal investigator and participant in 15 research projects at various levels, including one Renji key project. Received the Third-Class Merit twice, as well as titles such as one of the Top Ten Health and Hygiene Workers, Top Ten Models of Medical Ethics, Model Worker, Dedicated Professional, Outstanding Communist Party Member, and Outstanding Teacher at Hunan People's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant diseases such as breast and thyroid.
Voices
Breast cancer symptoms
The symptoms of breast cancer depend on the severity of the cancer and whether there are any signs of metastasis or recurrence. It is important to emphasize that over 90% of breast cancer cases do not involve pain as a symptom. This means that the earliest symptoms of breast cancer are usually determined by whether the cancer is in its early or late stages. Early-stage breast cancer may have no symptoms at all, or there may be signs such as a lump or hard nodule in the breast, discharge from the nipple, especially coffee-colored or bloody discharge. Late-stage symptoms can include changes in the skin of the breast resembling the texture of an orange peel, palpable large lymph nodes in the armpit that are hard but neither painful nor itchy. If the cancer has metastasized to the lungs, chest cavity, pleura, liver, bones, or head, symptoms might include chest pain, coughing, difficulty breathing, abdominal distention, bone pain or fractures, as well as headaches, eye pressure, and dizziness, among others. Therefore, the symptoms of breast disease depend on whether the cancer is in its early stages; if it is in a late stage and has metastasized to other parts, corresponding symptoms will be present. It is also important to remember that early-stage breast cancer may not show any symptoms at all.
Breast cancer IIA is stage 2.
Breast cancer stage IIa is considered early stage. Breast cancer is classified into stages 0, I, IIa, IIb, III, and IV. Stage III is further divided into IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc. Strictly speaking, breast cancers at stage IIa and earlier are considered early-stage breast cancer, while stage III is considered locally advanced breast cancer, including IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc, and stage IV is considered advanced breast cancer. However, since most operable breast cancers, which include up to stage IIIa (stages 0, I, II, and including IIIa), generally have favorable treatment outcomes, many research institutions and medical organizations in Western countries define all stages up to IIIa as early-stage breast cancer. Therefore, breast cancer stage IIa is classified as early-stage cancer.
Breast Cancer Metastasizes to Which Locations
Breast cancer metastasis generally follows the following sites due to its anatomical structure and specific characteristics. The most common sites are the axilla, the contralateral breast, the contralateral axilla, and the areas above and below the clavicle, which is also known as the pipa bone, referring to the areas above and below the pipa bone. As for distant organs, based on the frequency or likelihood of occurrence, the most common are the lungs, bones, liver, and the brain, specifically within the head. These are referred to as the lungs, bones, liver, and head, which are the places most prone to distant organ metastasis.
Does acute mastitis require weaning?
In most cases of acute mastitis, it is not necessary to wean. However, weaning is mandatory when acute mastitis is accompanied by high fever, abscess, or nipple ulceration. Other than these conditions, it is often sufficient to temporarily stop breastfeeding from the inflamed breast for a few days. After treatment, breastfeeding can usually continue. During this temporary cessation, the milk from the affected breast should be expressed and discarded. Breastfeeding can continue with the other breast. Therefore, weaning is not easily recommended for acute mastitis.
Breast cancer surgery accompaniment for a few days
The duration of postoperative care for breast cancer surgery depends on the extent of the surgery. This includes modified radical mastectomy, classic radical mastectomy, and surgeries that preserve both the breast and the axilla. For surgeries that preserve the breast and axilla, patients typically recover quickly, and generally, providing care for three to five days is more than sufficient. However, to ensure patients feel comforted and cared for, it's common to provide care starting the day before surgery until the patient is discharged. Postoperative care tends to be longer for modified radical mastectomies that include axillary clearance, as care is needed until the patient can fully manage the arm on the operated side on their own. Therefore, the care duration varies depending on the individual and their recovery. Thus, the shortest duration of care is usually for surgeries that preserve both the breast and axilla, typically sufficient within three to five days.
Acute mastitis occurs how long after childbirth?
Acute mastitis can occur a few weeks after childbirth, usually within the first two to three weeks, although it can also appear later during the breastfeeding period. The key issue is to maintain the flow of breast milk and the patency of the milk ducts during breastfeeding. It is recommended to wash both nipples before breastfeeding, let the baby completely empty one breast first, then move on to the second breast. If the baby is full and doesn't finish the milk from the other breast, it's best to empty that breast either by using a breast pump or having the father extract the milk. For the next feeding, start with the other breast, which was the second breast previously used, and alternate accordingly. Additionally, nipple care is important; after the baby has finished feeding, express a little milk and apply it on the nipple surface. Before the next feeding, wash the nipple with clean water more diligently. This can help reduce the occurrence of acute mastitis.
What fruits to eat for acute mastitis?
For mastitis, it is primarily important to avoid spicy and stimulating foods, seafood, and lactation-promoting foods. Foods high in fat and sugar, spicy fried foods, and stimulant drinks like liquor and coffee should be avoided. If blood sugar levels are high, certain fruits high in sugar content should also be avoided. For those without diabetes, the issue is simpler; for example, consuming more tomatoes, especially cooked tomatoes, is advisable. The principle is to eat light and nutritious foods. Therefore, tomatoes, green vegetables, loofah, cucumbers, crown daisy, lotus root, and mung bean soup are good options. This also includes oranges, strawberries, apples, grapes, and kiwifruits which are suitable choices.
How to reduce fever in acute mastitis
For fever in acute mastitis, it is first recommended to obtain a complete blood test to check if white blood cells and neutrophils are elevated. Of course, there are basic conservative methods and medication treatments for fever reduction. The conservative approach includes drinking plenty of water, preferably warm. Secondly, local application of magnesium sulfate can be used, with concentrations ranging from 33%-50%. During hot weather, it can be applied directly as a wet compress on the inflamed breast. It is important to thoroughly clean the breast, especially the nipple, before breastfeeding to prevent the baby from ingesting magnesium sulfate, which can cause diarrhea in infants. Thirdly, if the blood test shows an increase in white blood cells and neutrophils, intravenous antibiotics are used, commonly referred to by people as anti-inflammatory injections. Using antibacterial medications at this time can rapidly reduce fever. The fourth method is to temporarily use fever-reducing medications, which, along with magnesium sulfate, are available at pharmacies. However, for antibiotics, it is best to go to a hospital.
Does acute mastitis require infusion?
In cases of acute mastitis, the specific situation must be considered. If it is a simple case of acute mastitis without a significant abscess, without particularly high white blood cell counts, and without pronounced fever, then it is not necessarily required to administer IV fluids. Local applications of magnesium sulfate compresses can be used, and in colder weather, these can be heated for a warm compress. Alternatively, traditional Chinese medicine such as Jin Huang powder can be applied externally and is often sufficient to resolve the issue. However, if the acute mastitis is accompanied by an increase in neutrophilic leukocytes, which requires verification through blood tests, and systemic symptoms such as fever and pain, then antibiotic treatment is necessary, typically administered through IV or orally, though IV is often faster. When acute mastitis is complicated by a breast abscess, not only is IV treatment needed, but also procedures for abscess drainage or incision and drainage. Currently, many minimally invasive methods for draining abscesses and other treatments are employed.
What IV drip is used for acute mastitis?
For the treatment of acute mastitis at the hospital, it usually involves blood tests to observe the blood picture. We look at whether the white blood cells and neutrophils are elevated. When these levels are elevated, doctors will recommend the use of antibiotics, which are commonly referred to as anti-inflammatory injections, but are actually antimicrobial drugs, targeting bacteria. The treatment mainly involves cephalosporins, and some may use fluoroquinolones, or even add anti-anaerobic bacteria drugs like metronidazole or tinidazole. How to use these specifically should definitely be under the guidance of a specialist. For instance, fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin should not be used by individuals under 18 years old; instead, cephalosporins or erythromycin should be preferred.